Quantitative Analysis of Crystalline and Amorphous Phases in Glass–Ceramic Composites Like LTCC by the Rietveld Method

Kemethmüller, Stefan; Roosen, Andreas; Goetz-Neunhoeffer, F.; Neubauer, J.

doi:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.01113.x

Cited by 67 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…positions, so that to increase the lattice parameters. In this work, a method of peak separation technology supported by Jade software was introduced to obtain the crystallinity of the glass-ceramics [14,15]. The results were shown in Table 1, showing that the crystallinity increased as increasing La 2 O 3 content.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Effect of La2O3 additive on the dielectric properties of barium strontium titanate glass–ceramics

Zhang

Wang

Xue

et al. 2014

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

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The barium strontium titanate (Ba x Sr 1-x TiO 3 ) glass-ceramics doped with different content of La were prepared via controlled crystallization. Phase compositions, microstructure and dielectric behaviors were investigated systematically. The results revealed that La 2 O 3 additives had little influence on the dielectric constant but significantly changed the microstructure of the glass-ceramics, which led to improved breakdown strength (BDS). The optimized energy-storage density of 3.18 J/cm 3 was achieved in the glass-ceramics with 1.0 wt% La 2 O 3 content which is 2.56 times higher than pure BST glass-ceramics, suggesting glass-ceramics of this composition could be an attractive candidate for energy-storage applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Effect of La2O3 additive on the dielectric properties of barium strontium titanate glass–ceramics

Zhang

Wang

Xue

et al. 2014

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

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“…The quantitative phase analysis of the XRD results was performed by Rietveld refinement using the MAUD software package version 2.3. The average crystallite size and the lattice strain were determined by the Double-Voigt approach and the quantity of the amorphous phase was estimated from the overestimation of an internal crystalline standard in the Rietveld refinement of an appropriate mixture of a standard and the sample powders [32][33][34][35]. In the present work, fully crystalline Mo powder with a median crystallite size of 50 nm was used as an internal standard.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase transformation during mechano-synthesis of nanocrystalline/amorphous Fe–32Mn–6Si alloys

Amini

Shamsipoor

Ghaffari

et al. 2013

Materials Characterization

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Mechano-synthesis of Fe-32Mn-6Si alloy by mechanical alloying of the elemental powder mixtures was evaluated by running the ball milling process under an inert argon gas atmosphere. In order to characterize the as-milled powders, powder sampling was performed at predetermined intervals from 0.5 to 192 h. X-ray florescence analyzer, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and high resolution transmission electron microscope were utilized to investigate the chemical composition, structural evolution, morphological changes, and microstructure of the as-milled powders, respectively.According to the results, the nanocrystalline Fe-Mn-Si alloys were completely synthesized after 48 h of milling. Moreover, the formation of a considerable amount of amorphous phase during the milling process was indicated by quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis as well as high resolution transmission electron microscopy image and its selected area diffraction pattern. It was found that the α-to-γ and subsequently the amorphous-to-crystalline (especially martensite) phase transformation occurred by milling development. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords:Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloys Mechanical alloyingPhase transformation Nanostructural/amorphous phase Microstructure IntroductionFe-Mn-Si alloys are a class of smart materials due to their suitable shape memory effect (SME), excellent machinability and formability, low cost, good weldability and corrosion resistance, and high strength having several industrial applications such as dampers, pipe couplings, big shape memory devices, hard metals or alloys joining, oxygen blowing nozzles and so on [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. The production of stress induced martensite (ε, hcp) from parent austenite phase (γ, fcc) and the reverse transformation (γ to ε) during the heating cycle are the origins of SME in this alloying system [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. This non-thermoelastic or semi-thermoelastic conversion occurred by the creation of stacking faults (SFs) due to the movement of the Shockley partial dislocations (a γ /6 <112>) in the parent phase. SFs are suitable sites for nucleation of the martensite phase; eventually, the ε-phase can be formed by their overlap [12,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23].Although induction melting under an argon gas atmosphere is widely utilized to produce Fe-based SMAs, solid-state routes such as mechanical alloying (MA) can be used to produce the alloys in the powder form [24]. During MA, by applying the high energy collision between ball and particles and consequently the repeated cold welding and fracture of the powders, not only is the alloying process attained but also the synthesis of the non-equilibrium structures such as supersaturated solid solutions, nanocrystalline and amorphous structures, and intermetallic compounds is possible [24][25][26][27][28].Recently, MA has been widely used to synthesize nanocrystalline and amorphous SMAs [29][30][31], although limited investigations have been done on Fe-Mn-Si alloys.

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“…In the first step, the amount of the crystalline phase was determined through the Rietveld refinement of XRD patterns followed by the quantification of the amorphous phase through a method proposed by Winburn et al [26] based on Rietveld quantitative analysis [27][28][29][30]. In the latter step, an internal standard composed of a fully crystalline powder with an X-ray absorption edge similar to CCTO was mixed with a predetermined amount of our alloyed powder, after which XRD analysis was conducted on the resulting powder mixtures.…”

Section: Methods Of Structural Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and phase evolution in mechanically alloyed calcium copper titanate dielectrics

Alizadeh

Ardakani

Amini

et al. 2013

Ceramics International

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Nanocrystalline calcium-copper-titanate (CCTO) dielectric powders were prepared by mechanical alloying. Phase transformations and structural evolution of the mechanically activated powders were investigated through the Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction results. The crystallite size, lattice strain, and weight fraction of individual phases were estimated based on crystal structure refinement. Furthermore, the microstructural properties and thermal behavior of the milled powders were investigated by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), respectively. It was found that CCTO nanocrystals can be successfully synthesized after the amorphization of the initial crystalline materials. Semi-spherical nano-size particles were developed after sufficient milling time. Formation of an amorphous phase during the milling cycle was confirmed by the presence of the glass transition and crystallization peaks in the thermal analysis profiles.

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Quantitative Analysis of Crystalline and Amorphous Phases in Glass–Ceramic Composites Like LTCC by the Rietveld Method

Cited by 67 publications

References 15 publications

Effect of La2O3 additive on the dielectric properties of barium strontium titanate glass–ceramics

Effect of La2O3 additive on the dielectric properties of barium strontium titanate glass–ceramics

Phase transformation during mechano-synthesis of nanocrystalline/amorphous Fe–32Mn–6Si alloys

Structural and phase evolution in mechanically alloyed calcium copper titanate dielectrics

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