Quantitative Analysis of Carbohydrate, Protein, and Oil Contents of Korean Foods Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

Abstract

Foods contain various nutrients such as carbohydrates, protein, oil, vitamins, and minerals. Among them, carbohydrates, protein, and oil are the main constituents of foods. Usually, these constituents are analyzed by the Kjeldahl and Soxhlet method and so on. However, these analytical methods are complex, costly, and time-consuming. Thus, this study aimed to rapidly and effectively analyze carbohydrate, protein, and oil contents with near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). A total of 517 food samples were measured within the wavelength range of 400 to 2,500 nm. Exactly 412 food calibration samples and 162 validation samples were used for NIRS equation development and validation, respectively. In the NIRS equation of carbohydrates, the most accurate equation was obtained under 1, 4, 5, 1 (1st derivative, 4 nm gap, 5 points smoothing, and 1 point second smoothing) math treatment conditions using the weighted MSC (multiplicative scatter correction) scatter correction method with MPLS (modified partial least square) regression. In the case of protein and oil, the best equation were obtained under 2, 5, 5, 3 and 1, 1, 1, 1 conditions, respectively, using standard MSC and standard normal variate only scatter correction methods with MPLS regression. Calibrations of these NIRS equations showed a very high coefficient of determination in calibration (R 2 : carbohydrates, 0.971; protein, 0.974; oil, 0.937) and low standard error of calibration (carbohydrates, 4.066; protein, 1.080; oil, 1.890). Optimal equation conditions were applied to a validation set of 162 samples. Validation results of these NIRS equations showed a very high coefficient of determination in prediction (r 2 : carbohydrates, 0.987; protein, 0.970; oil, 0.947) and low standard error of prediction (carbohydrates, 2.515; protein, 1.144; oil, 1.370). Therefore, these NIRS equations can be applicable for determination of carbohydrates, proteins, and oil contents in various foods.

Allelic Diversity at Protein Disulfide Isomerase Like 1-1 (PDIL1-1) Gene is Associated with Amylose Content in Japonica Rice

“…Measurements were carried out in the near-infrared wavelength range of 400-2,500 nm at room temperature (25℃). The crude protein content was calculated using software ISI scan (version 4.5.0, InfraSoft International, Port Matilda, PA, USA) (Song et al 2014;Oh et al 2017). For heading date analysis, heading date was defined as the number of days from the date of transplanting to the date when 50% of individual plants reached the appearance of the first spikelet.…”

Development of Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) Model for Amylose and Crude Protein Contents Analysis in Rice Germplasm

“…NIRS는 짧은 시간 내 많은 시료분석이 가능하다는 장점으로 다 양한 농작물 품질평가방법에 이용되고 있다 Song et al, 2006Song et al, , 2014Han et al, 1996;Hwang et al, 1994;Moon et al, 1994;Kwon et al, 2005Kwon et al, , 2006. 또한 NIRS를 이용 한 지리적 원산지 콩판별 (Ahn et al, 2012), 보리의 품질효율분 석 및 화학적 성분분석 (Kim et al, 1996), 옥수수 알곡의 단백 질, 전분, 유지함량 측정 (Jiang et al, 2007), 약초의 일종인 황금 의 약효성분분석 , 229796, 235599, 220078, 223660, 235772, 235778, 220351, 220736, 229054, 235927, 217975, 219249, 215240, 229048, 229799, 219245, 219252, 221708, 229047, 229807, 229050, 229052, 223796, 229806, 219230, 229791, 235684, 229801, 229794, 235683, 219227, 219971, 229789, 235682, 229049, 229792, 219202, 235598, 229803, 235597, 235776, 210106, 235627, 216648, 229808, 229934, 227064, 210099, 223672, 229793, 229804, 235775, 229935, 225236, 223671, 219179, 229811, 210111, 210124, 219180, 229877, 219186, 235835, 229812, 223654, 219906, 219226, 219869, 223653, 223650, 210723, 223655, 220706, 223667, 235626, 219177, 223651, 223663, 235631, 223658, 220593, 223659, 223662, 210118, 220711, 223652, 223657, 219967, 219181, 229846, 117885, 220704, 218290, 229907, 236025, 210102, 236024, 219950, 218287, 219948, 7694, 219942, 236016, 219251, 236010, 236015, 219933, 219552, 219250, 219938, 219951, 219936, 236021, 219935, 219934, 219078, 236009, 210122, 219867, 7864, 235718, 235721, 236023, 7859, 220592, 235720, 219940, 219939, 219947, 219943, 219937, 8614, 7851, 1613218290, 229907, 236025, 210102, 236024, 219950, 218287, 219948, 7694, 219942, 236016, 219251, 236010, 236015, 219933, 219552, 219250, 219938, 219951, 219936, 236021, 219935, 219934, 219078, 236009, 210122, 219867, 7864, 235718, 235721, 236023, 7859, 220592, 235720, 219940, 219939, 219947, 219943, 219937, 8614, 7851, , 236022, 219925, 236017, 236018, 219946, 8607, 210123, 219924, 236011, 210946, 219945, 1612 221716,196275,203705,219209,235774,10688,8156,219206,9844,7225,7022,123643,154881,210047,6961,…”