Quantitative Analysis of Adipose Tissue in Single Transverse Slices for Estimation of Volumes of Relevant Fat Tissue Compartments

Schwenzer, Nina F.; Machann, Jürgen; Schraml, Christina; Springer, Fabian; Ludescher, Burkhard; Stefan, Norbert; Häring, Hans Ulrich; Fritsche, Andreas; Claussen, Claus D.; Schick, Fritz

doi:10.1097/rli.0b013e3181f10fe1

Cited by 55 publications

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“…The strength of association between anthropometric indices and VAT in our study is similar to that reported in other studies [32]–[36], although some studies reported lower correlation coefficients [21], [37]–[39]. The single best anthropometric predictor for the specific measures of both VAT and CAT appeared to be waist circumference in both sexes, although BMI showed almost equally strong univariate correlations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Also, MRI analyses are often limited by operator-intensive and time-consuming processes for image analyses. Most previous studies using MRI for adiposity research had therefore included relatively few study participants and/or limited imaging analyses to small anatomical areas such as the abdominal area only [19], [20], or even to single image slices [21], [22]. By developing automated algorithms for the analysis of MRI images (for images based on the Dixon technique) [15], we were able to apply MRI for whole-body measurements of adipose and lean tissue compartments in a relatively large study of 1,192 study participants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation of Anthropometric Indices of Adiposity against Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging – A Study within the German European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Cohorts

et al. 2014

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BackgroundIn epidemiological studies, measures of body fat generally are obtained through anthropometric indices such as the body mass index (BMI), waist (WC), and hip circumferences (HC). Such indices, however, can only provide estimates of a person’s true body fat content, overall or by adipose compartment, and may have limited accuracy, especially for the visceral adipose compartment (VAT).ObjectiveTo determine the extent to which different body adipose tissue compartments are adequately predicted by anthropometry, and to identify anthropometric measures alone, or in combination to predict overall adiposity and specific adipose tissue compartments, independently of age and body size (height).MethodsIn a sub-study of 1,192 participants of the German EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) cohorts, whole-body MRI was performed to determine adipose and muscle tissue compartments. Additional anthropometric measurements of BMI, WC and HC were taken.ResultsAfter adjusting for age and height, BMI, WC and HC were better predictors of total body volume (TBV), total adipose tissue (TAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) than for VAT, coronary adipose tissue (CAT) and skeletal muscle tissue (SMT). In both sexes, BMI was the best predictor for TBV (men: r = 0.72 [0.68–0.76], women: r = 0.80 [0.77–0.83]) and SMT (men: r = 0.52 [0.45–0.57], women: r = 0.48 [0.41–0.54]). WC was the best predictor variable for TAT (r = 0.48 [0.41–0.54]), VAT (r = 0.44 [0.37–0.50]) and CAT (r = 0.34 [0.26–0.41]) (men), and for VAT (r = 0.42 [0.35–0.49]) and CAT (r = 0.29 [0.22–0.37]) (women). BMI was the best predictor for TAT (r = 0.49 [0.43–0.55]) (women). HC was the best predictor for SAT (men (r = 0.39 [0.32–0.45]) and women (r = 0.52 [0.46–0.58])).ConclusionsEspecially the volumes of internal body fat compartments are poorly predicted by anthropometry. A possible implication may be that associations of chronic disease risks with the sizes of internal body fat as measured by BMI, WC and HC may be strongly underestimated.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of Anthropometric Indices of Adiposity against Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging – A Study within the German European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Cohorts

et al. 2014

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“…There are also several limitations. Body mass index is a nonspecific measure of obesity because it does not distinguish more metabolically active abdominal fat from other body fat 42 and it does not distinguish whether excess body weight relative to height is attributable to fat or nonfat tissues. 43 However, in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial, associations of obesity with prostate cancer risk were stronger for BMI than any measure of central adiposity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Difference in Association of Obesity With Prostate Cancer Risk Between US African American and Non-Hispanic White Men in the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT)

et al. 2015

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IMPORTANCE African American men have the highest rates of prostate cancer incidence and mortality in the United States. Understanding underlying reasons for this disparity could identify preventive interventions important to African American men. OBJECTIVE To determine whether the association of obesity with prostate cancer risk differs between African American and non-Hispanic white men and whether obesity modifies the excess risk associated with African American race. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prospective study of 3398 African American and 22 673 non-Hispanic white men who participated in the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (2001–2011) with present analyses completed in 2014. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Total, low-grade (Gleason score <7), and high-grade (Gleason score ≥7) prostate cancer incidence. RESULTS With a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 5.6 (1.8) years, there were 270, 148, and 88 cases of total, low-, and high-grade prostate cancers among African American men and a corresponding 1453, 898, and 441 cases in non-Hispanic white men, respectively. Although not associated with risk among non-Hispanic white men, BMI was positively associated with an increase in risk among African American men (BMI, <25 vs ≥35: hazard ratio [HR], 1.49 [95% CI, 0.95, 2.34]; P for trend = .03). Consequently, the risk associated with African American race increased from 28% (HR, 1.28 [95% CI, 0.91–1.80]) among men with BMI less than 25 to 103% (HR, 2.03 [95% CI, 1.38–2.98]) among African American men with BMI at least 35 (P for trend = .03). Body mass index was inversely associated with low-grade prostate cancer risk within non-Hispanic white men (BMI, <25 vs ≥35: HR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.58–1.09]; P for trend = .02) but positively associated with risk within African American men (BMI, <25 vs ≥35: HR, 2.22 [95% CI, 1.17–4.21]; P for trend = .05). Body mass index was positively associated with risk of high-grade prostate cancer in both non-Hispanic white men (BMI, <25 vs ≥35: HR, 1.33 [95% CI, 0.90–1.97]; P for trend = .01) and African American men, although the increase may be larger within African American men, albeit the racial interaction was not statistically significant (BMI, <25 vs ≥35: HR, 1.81 [95% CI, 0.79–4.11]; P for trend = .02). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Obesity is more strongly associated with increased prostate cancer risk among African American than non-Hispanic white men and reducing obesity among African American men could reduce the racial disparity in cancer incidence. Additional research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the differential effects of obesity in African American and non-Hispanic white men.

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“…Abdominal adipose tissue compartments were estimated from a single axial slice at the umbilical level, as it has been shown that measurements in this slice are representative for the total amount of VAT location [29]. This slice was reconstructed from the 3D VIBE-Dixon images which were assessed in coronal direction.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pancreatic fat content by magnetic resonance imaging in subjects with prediabetes, diabetes, and controls from a general population without cardiovascular disease

et al. 2017

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Background/ObjectiveDespite the relevance of pancreatic fat content in the development of metabolic diseases, its association with impaired glucose metabolism, diabetes, and other adipose tissue compartments remains unclear. Thus, we determined differences in pancreatic fat content by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between subjects with prediabetes, diabetes, and normal controls in a cohort from the general population.MethodsSubjects without history of cardiovascular disease with established diabetes or prediabetes as well as normal controls were included and underwent whole-body MRI on a 3T scanner. Pancreatic fat content was quantified by measuring the proton-density fat fraction (PDFFpanc) using a 3D multi-echo GRE sequence (increment: 1.23 ms, 6 echoes) by placing ROIs in the pancreatic head, body, and tail by independent readers. In addition, hepatic fat content as well as abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (SAT and VAT) were measured by multi-echo GRE and 3D 2-point volume-interpolated DIXON MRI, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to determine associations.ResultsA total of 385 subjects were included in the analysis (median age: 57 years, 58.2% males), of them 53 were classified as subjects with diabetes, 95 as prediabetes, and 237 as controls (13.8%, 24.7%, and 61.6%; respectively). The median PDFFpanc was 5.2% [IQR 3.3–9.4], and significantly higher in subjects with prediabetes and diabetes as compared to controls (PDFFpanc: 6.2% [IQR: 3.5–12] vs. 8.6% [IQR: 4.3–17.5] vs. 4.9% [3.1–7.4], p<0.001, respectively). After adjusting for age, gender and BMI the association was attenuated (all p>0.12). While in univariate analysis BMI, PDFFhepatic, SAT and VAT were associated with PDFFpanc (all p<0.05), only VAT predicted PDFFpanc independently (β: 0.02, 95%-confidence interval: 0.01–0.04, p<0.001).ConclusionWhile pancreatic fat content differs significantly between subjects with prediabetes, diabetes and controls, this association may be confounded by age, gender, and the amount of VAT in this cross-sectional study.

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Quantitative Analysis of Adipose Tissue in Single Transverse Slices for Estimation of Volumes of Relevant Fat Tissue Compartments

Abstract: Axial MRI at the umbilical level allowed for a fast and reliable estimation, especially for VAT and TAT in a collective at risk for type 2 diabetes. WHR and BMI were found clearly worse in prediction of VAT volumes compared with single slice evaluation at the umbilical level.

Cited by 55 publications

References 46 publications

Validation of Anthropometric Indices of Adiposity against Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging – A Study within the German European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Cohorts

Validation of Anthropometric Indices of Adiposity against Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging – A Study within the German European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Cohorts

Difference in Association of Obesity With Prostate Cancer Risk Between US African American and Non-Hispanic White Men in the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT)

Pancreatic fat content by magnetic resonance imaging in subjects with prediabetes, diabetes, and controls from a general population without cardiovascular disease

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