Quantitative Analysis and Comparison of Flavonoids in Lotus Plumules of Four Representative Lotus Cultivars

Abstract

The flavonoids in lotus plumules from four representative lotus cultivars have been analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detector and electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. By this means, sixteen flavonoids were successfully measured and compared among four cultivars. Although similar flavonoid compositions were detected from these four cultivars, their flavonoid contents were significantly different. cv. Bailian from Guangchang was detected to have the most total flavonoid content, that is, 1595.86 mg/100 g, followed by cv. Xuanlian from Wuyi (1553.49 mg/100 g), cv. Xianglian from Xiangtan (1173.07 mg/100 g), and cv. Jianlian from Jianning (930.08 mg/100 g). However, similar percentages of flavonoid C-glycosides in the total flavonoids were found for four cultivars, which were 80.83% for cv. Bailian, 80.91% for cv. Xianglian, 79.25% for cv. Jianlian, and 78.53% for cv. Xuanlian. This work will be very useful for quality assurance and control for the lotus plumules from different origins in terms of qualitative and quantitative information about flavonoids. It will also be of special interest in the screening of lotus plumules with high flavonoid content, which are preferred due to their wide potential applications in food and pharmaceutical industries.

Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory Activities and Polyphenol Profile of Rhamnus prinoides

“…As shown in Figure 2 above, 65 peaks were detected in SPRE. Further structural identification and characterization of those compounds in Table 3 were carried out strictly by comparison with the chemical standards or the MS fragments reported in previous studies [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 23 , 37 , 38 ]. As a result, several types of polyphenols, including flavonoids and their glycosides (peaks 3–9, 11–15, 18, 19, 21, 22, 24–26, 28–31, 34, 37, 38, 40–42, 44–50, 53, 54, 56–63, 65), phenols and their glycosides (peaks 1, 2, 20, 23), naphthols and their glycosides (peaks 16, 36, 39, 43, 51, 52), anthraquinones and their glycosides (peaks 17, 33, 35, 64), phenylpropanoid glycoside (peak 55), and saponin (peak 32), are revealed majorly in R. prinoides .…”

“…As shown in Figure 2 above, 65 peaks were detected in SPRE. Further structural identification and characterization of those compounds in Table 3 were carried out strictly by comparison with the chemical standards or the MS fragments reported in previous studies [12][13][14][15]23,37,38] On this basis, further studies on spectrum-effect should also be carried out to truly correlate its QC with its clinical efficacy, and help to clarify the mechanisms of action. For the relative quantitative analysis of chemicals in SPRE, the aforementioned flavonoids, phenols, naphthols, anthraquinones, phenylpropanoid, saponin, and their glycosides take up 69.54%, 2.39%, 17.87%, 6.39%, 0.53%, 0.98%, respectively.…”

Transcriptome-Wide Characterization of Alkaloids and Chlorophyll Biosynthesis in Lotus Plumule

“…Lotus seed is not only an important reproductive organ consisting of the pericarp, seed coat, cotyledon, and plumule, but is also a rich source of nutrients and bioactive compounds with medicinal properties. The plumule, also known as Lianzixin , is a common traditional Chinese medicine with important pharmacological properties, such as antihypertensive, antiarrhythmic, and diuretic (Liu et al, 2017 ).…”

Compression and shearing force on kernel rupture in shelling fresh lotus seeds

“…Lotus seed is highly nutritious and contains abundant fat, starch [1] , flavonoids [2,3] , and other functional substances. The annual production of lotus seed in the Fujian Province reached 12 205 t in 2017 [4] , corresponding to a GDP of about 1.8 billion Chinese Yuan.…”