Quantitative alterations of S-100 protein and neuron specific enolase in the rat nervous system after chronic 2,5-hexanedione exposure

Abstract

The regional changes in quantities of the glial S-100 protein and the neuron specific enolase in the rat nervous system have been studied after long-term exposure to 2,5-hexanedione. The wet weights of most of the examined nervous tissues were found to be reduced, with an extensive effect seen in the brain stem. Using dot immunobinding assays, the concentrations of S-100 were found to be increased in most of the examined tissues, but unaffected in the brain stem. The total amount of S-100 per tissue was markedly reduced in the brain stem. The content of neuron specific enolase was reduced only in the brain stem. Thus the effects of 2,5-hexanedione on the nervous system varied regionally. The brain stem was severely atrophied with a reduction of neuronal as well as of glial marker proteins. Other brain regions contained increased glial cell marker proteins as signs of progressive astroglial reactions.

Difference in pathogenesis between herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis and tick-borne encephalitis demonstrated by means of cerebrospinal fluid markers of glial and neuronal destruction

“…No antiviral treatment was given to patients with TBE, while patients with HSV-1 encephalitis were treated with acyclovir for on average 14.8 days (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). The initial neurological symptoms in patients with HSV-1 encephalitis were altered consciousness (n=12), seizures (n=9), disorientation (n=8), and dysphasia (n=5), while patients with TBE had paresis (n=3), disorientation (n=3), dysphasia (n=1), and altered consciousness (n=1).…”

“…Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is a glycolytic enzyme and a soluble protein of neurons [13] mainly located in neuronal cell bodies and is also present in axons [14]. NSE is a useful CSF marker of neuronal damage in a variety of acute neurological diseases, including stroke and encephalitis [15,16,17].…”

Serum Neuron-Specific Enolase, Biogenic Amino-Acids and Neurobehavioral Function in Lead-Exposed Workers from Lead-Acid Battery Manufacturing Process

“…Serum NSE has been used as a specific marker for neuron regeneration and re-innervation. 7 The levels of serum NSE were associated with exposure to solvents, 8 chromium, 9 1-bromopropane, 10 2,5-hexanedione, 11 and patients with stroke and cardiac arrest. 12,13 Serotonin and dopamine are biogenic amines.…”

Glial and Neuronal Marker Proteins in the Silicone Chamber Model for Nerve Regeneration

“…S-100 protein (Haglid et al, 1973) was determined, to follow the alterations in the Schwann cells. This approach of monitoring neuronal and glial/Schwann cell marker proteins has been useful in mapping the neurotoxic effects of organic solvents (Haglid et al, 1980;Rosengren et al, 1985Rosengren et al, , 1986Rosengren and Haglid, 1989;Karlsson et al, 1991Karlsson et al, , 1993 and excitatory amino acids (Wang et al, 1991).…”