Quantitative age grading of mosquitoes using surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Wang, Danhui; Yang, Jason Szuhao; Pandya, Janam K.; Clark, J. Marshall; Harrington, Laura C.; Murdock, Courtney C.; He, Lili

doi:10.1002/ansa.202100052

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Recently, Wang et al . (31) reported a study on mosquito age-grading that employed surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). To the best of our knowledge, Raman spectroscopy has not been used for mosquito taxonomy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of Three Medically Important Mosquito Species Using Raman Spectroscopy

Omucheni

Kaduki

Mukabana

2022

Preprint

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Accurate identification of disease vector insects is crucial when collecting epidemiological data. Traditionally, mosquitoes that transmit diseases like malaria, yellow fever, chikungunya, and dengue fever have been identified by looking at their external morphological features at different life cycle stages. This process is tedious and labour intensive.In this paper, the potential of Raman spectroscopy in combination with Linear and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis to classify three mosquito species, namely: Aedes aegypti, Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus, was explored. The classification was based on the mosquitoes’ cuticular melanin. The three mosquito species represented two subfamilies of medically important mosquitoes, i.e. the Anophelinae and the Culicinae. The housefly (Musca domestica) was included as a ‘control’ group to assess the discrimination ability of the classifiers. This study is the first to use Raman spectroscopy to classify mosquitoes. Fresh mosquitoes were anaesthetized with chloroform, and a dispersive Raman microscope was used to capture spectra from their legs. Broad melanin peaks centred around 1400 cm-1, 1590 cm-1, and 2060 cm-1 dominated the spectra. Variance Threshold (VT) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used for feature selection and feature extraction respectively from the preprocessed data. The extracted features were then used to train and test Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA) classifiers.The VT/PCA/QDA classification model performed better than VT/PCA/LDA. VT/PCA/QDA achieved an overall accuracy of 94%, sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 96%, whereas VT/PCA/LDA attained an accuracy of 85%, a sensitivity of 69% and a specificity of 90%. The success of these relatively simple classification models on Raman spectroscopy data lays the groundwork for future development of models for discriminating morphologically indistinguishable insect species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies include analyses of the structure of honey bee wings (28), melanin in spiders (29), and bumble bees (30). Recently, Wang et al (31) reported a study on mosquito age-grading that employed surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). To the best of our knowledge, Raman spectroscopy has not been used for mosquito taxonomy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Three Medically Important Mosquito Species Using Raman Spectroscopy

Omucheni

Kaduki

Mukabana

2022

Preprint

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“…The technique in current use for age grading is the Detinova parity method that assesses the age of a female mosquito by taking the changes in ovary appearance into account (Gray et al, 2022). In addition, novel tools like surfaceenhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is currently being studied as a potential mosquito age grading technique (Wang D. et al, 2022). In a study by Wang et al, where age of a mosquito is determined by both SERS and Infrared spectroscopy states that key biological molecules are altered in a mosquito with age which subsequently alter the spectra obtained by either of the mentioned methods (Wang D. et al, 2022).…”

Section: Glutathione Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, novel tools like surfaceenhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is currently being studied as a potential mosquito age grading technique (Wang D. et al, 2022). In a study by Wang et al, where age of a mosquito is determined by both SERS and Infrared spectroscopy states that key biological molecules are altered in a mosquito with age which subsequently alter the spectra obtained by either of the mentioned methods (Wang D. et al, 2022). However, in the field, there is a lack of capacity to accurately determine the age of a mosquito caught in the wild.…”

Section: Glutathione Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The buzz in the field: the interaction between viruses, mosquitoes, and metabolism

Ratnayake

Chotiwan

Saavedra-Rodríguez

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Among many medically important pathogens, arboviruses like dengue, Zika and chikungunya cause severe health and economic burdens especially in developing countries. These viruses are primarily vectored by mosquitoes. Having surmounted geographical barriers and threat of control strategies, these vectors continue to conquer many areas of the globe exposing more than half of the world’s population to these viruses. Unfortunately, no medical interventions have been capable so far to produce successful vaccines or antivirals against many of these viruses. Thus, vector control remains the fundamental strategy to prevent disease transmission. The long-established understanding regarding the replication of these viruses is that they reshape both human and mosquito host cellular membranes upon infection for their replicative benefit. This leads to or is a result of significant alterations in lipid metabolism. Metabolism involves complex chemical reactions in the body that are essential for general physiological functions and survival of an organism. Finely tuned metabolic homeostases are maintained in healthy organisms. However, a simple stimulus like a viral infection can alter this homeostatic landscape driving considerable phenotypic change. Better comprehension of these mechanisms can serve as innovative control strategies against these vectors and viruses. Here, we review the metabolic basis of fundamental mosquito biology and virus-vector interactions. The cited work provides compelling evidence that targeting metabolism can be a paradigm shift and provide potent tools for vector control as well as tools to answer many unresolved questions and gaps in the field of arbovirology.

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“…Raman spectroscopy is emerging as a promising tool which can be further improved and tailored for the application of analyzing bacteria in a diverse range of fields including food safety, environmental monitoring, and clinical diagnosis 8–10 . It is a powerful analytical technique and has been widely used in the detection of chemical and biological components 11–13 . Raman spectroscopy is a form of vibrational spectroscopy which can be used to build an ultrasensitive platform when coupled with nanomaterials for molecular recognition ability and even single molecule detection 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances of Raman spectroscopy for the analysis of bacteria

Rodriguez

Zhang

Wang

2023

Analytical Science Advances

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Rapid and sensitive bacteria detection and identification are becoming increasingly important for a wide range of areas including the control of food safety, the prevention of infectious diseases, and environmental monitoring. Raman spectroscopy is an emerging technology which provides comprehensive information for the analysis of bacteria in a short time and with high sensitivity. Raman spectroscopy offers many advantages including relatively simple operation, non‐destructive analysis, and information on molecular differences between bacteria species and strains. A variety of biochemical properties can be measured in a single spectrum. This short review covers the recent advancements and applications of Raman spectroscopy for bacteria analysis with specific focuses on bacteria detection, bacteria identification and discrimination, as well as bacteria antibiotic susceptibility testing in 2022. The development of novel substrates, the combination with other techniques, and the utilization of advanced data processing tools for the improvement of Raman spectroscopy and future directions are discussed.

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Quantitative age grading of mosquitoes using surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Cited by 7 publications

References 35 publications

Identification of Three Medically Important Mosquito Species Using Raman Spectroscopy

Identification of Three Medically Important Mosquito Species Using Raman Spectroscopy

The buzz in the field: the interaction between viruses, mosquitoes, and metabolism

Recent advances of Raman spectroscopy for the analysis of bacteria

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