Quantitative accuracy and 3D biometric matching of 388 statistically estimated facial approximations of live subjects

Simmons-Ehrhardt, Terrie; Monson, Keith L.; Flint, Toby; Saunders, Christopher P.

doi:10.1016/j.fri.2020.200377

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The 3D models created from cranial CT scans of the 388 individuals were used as the reference database for verification of precision and accuracy of cranial measurements [2] , to measure tissue depths [8] , and to infer stature from cranial measurements [13] . CT-derived facial models and ReFace facial approximations were placed among the top candidates within a database of facial images, whether using a metric approach based on ILDs [7] , commercial facial recognition software [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , or by human recognition [18] , [19] , [20] . Three studies reported averaged ILDs and tissue depths from 3D models of cranial CT scans of living subjects or from their ReFace facial approximations [2 , 7 , 8] .…”

Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CT-derived facial models and ReFace facial approximations were placed among the top candidates within a database of facial images, whether using a metric approach based on ILDs [7] , commercial facial recognition software [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , or by human recognition [18] , [19] , [20] . Three studies reported averaged ILDs and tissue depths from 3D models of cranial CT scans of living subjects or from their ReFace facial approximations [2 , 7 , 8] . This communication reports the ILDs and tissue depths measured for each subject upon which the previously reported averages were based.…”

Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In dataset B [5] , 66 facial ILDs ( Table 2 ) were defined by 12 standard anthropometric landmarks [6 , 7] . The CT database comprised both sexes and four ancestry groups (n = 388): African female (n=50), African male (n=48), Asian female (n=48), Asian male (n=47), European female (n=49), European male (n=48), Hispanic female (n=49), and Hispanic male (n=49).…”

Section: Data Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cranial and facial inter-landmark distances and tissue depth dataset from computed tomography scans of 388 living persons

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Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Cranial and facial inter-landmark distances and tissue depth dataset from computed tomography scans of 388 living persons

2022

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“…According to the geometric characteristics of the face, 3D measurement is divided into straight-line length measurement, vertical length measurement, and spatial angle measurement [27][28][29]. Among them, the straight-line length measurement can be projected by the vector of two points to its corresponding horizontal axis, and then its length is calculated; the vertical length measurement is to project the vector between the two points in the vertical direction and then calculate its length.…”

Section: Extraction and Measurement Of Facial Esthetic Key Pointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Facial Plastic Surgery Simulation: Based on the Structured Light

Rao

Sun

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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The 3D quantitative analysis of facial morphology is of importance in plastic surgery (PS), which could help surgeons design appropriate procedures before conducting the surgery. We propose a system to simulate and guide the shaping effect analysis, which could produce a similar but more harmonious face simulation. To this end, first, the depth camera based on structured light coding is employed for facial 3D data acquisition, from which the point cloud data of multiple facial perspectives could be obtained. Next, the cascade regression tree algorithm is used to extract the esthetic key points of the face model and to calculate the facial features composed of the key points, such as the nose, chin, and eyes. Quantitative facial esthetic indexes are offered to doctors to simulate PS. Afterward, we exploit a face mesh metamorphosis based on finite elements. We design several morphing operators, including augmentation, cutting, and lacerating. Finally, the regional deformation is detected, and the operation effect is quantitatively evaluated by registering the 3D scanning model before and after the operation. The test of our proposed system and the simulation of PS operations find that the measurement error of facial geometric features is 0.458 mm, and the area is 0.65 mm2. The ratings of the simulation outcomes provided by panels of PS prove that the system is effective. The manipulated 3D faces are deemed more beautiful compared to the original faces respecting the beauty canons such as facial symmetry and the golden ratio. The proposed algorithm could generate realistic visual effects of PS simulation. It could thus assist the preoperative planning of facial PS.

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“…According to the collected 3D data, using the computer to perform efficient and simple automatic measurement and analysis of the 3D data brings great convenience to doctors and lays a good foundation for future computer-aided design. According to the geometric features of the face, the measurement is divided into straight line length measurement, vertical length measurement and spatial angle measurement [7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on 3D face measurement for facial virtual plastic surgery

Gui-wen²,

Liu³

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Calculating the key data of human face through three-dimensional face model can help doctors predict the surgical results before plastic surgery, guide the formulation of surgical plan and reduce the surgical risk. In this paper, 3D face measurement technology is studied, and the area of plastic area is calculated by slice method. A large number of experimental tests show that the average errors of facial geometric feature measurement, area measurement are 0.458mm and 0.65mm2 respectively. The rating of simulation results provided by plastic surgeons shows that facial measurement technology can effectively improve the success rate of plastic surgery. Compared with the original face, the edited 3D face is more attractive in respecting the following beauty standards: “three courts and five eyes”, golden section, etc.

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Quantitative accuracy and 3D biometric matching of 388 statistically estimated facial approximations of live subjects

Cited by 5 publications

References 49 publications

Cranial and facial inter-landmark distances and tissue depth dataset from computed tomography scans of 388 living persons

Cranial and facial inter-landmark distances and tissue depth dataset from computed tomography scans of 388 living persons

3D Facial Plastic Surgery Simulation: Based on the Structured Light

Research on 3D face measurement for facial virtual plastic surgery

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