Quantitation of fatty acid ethyl esters in human meconium by an improved liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

Kwak, Ho-Seok; Kang, Young‐Sun; Han, Ki Jun; Moon, Jong-Taek; Chung, Young-Chul; Choi, June-Seek; Han, Ji Yoon; Kim, Moon-Young; Velázquez-Armenta, E. Yadira; Nava-Ocampo, Alejandro A

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.05.001

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…LLOQ values ( Table 2) were quite similar to the ones described in the literature: from 10 to 15 ng/g for FAEE and 10 ng/g for EtG (Fig. 2) [16,19,[22][23][24][25][26]. It is important to note that these results were obtained by analyzing 200 mg of meconium, instead of 500 mg and 1 g as in previously published procedures.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…In the same study, the cumulative concentrations for seven FAEEs (excluding Myr and adding ethyl-palmitoleate, ethyl-arachidonate, ethyl-linoleate, ethyllinolenate) and for nine FAEEs (adding ethyl-laurate and Myr) were reported: 25-78,195 and 25-84,064 ng/g, respectively. A lower range for the same nine FAEEs was described by Kwak et al [26] (0-11,117 ng/g). In another study, Bakdash et al [19] reported a maximum concentration of 22,580 ng/g as sum of five FAEEs (+ethyl-linoleate).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…Comparison of FAEE and EtG concentrations in meconium as a reflection of maternal alcohol consumption in pregnancy is a current topic of interest [22][23][24]. Several procedures for the detection of FAEE and EtG have been described, all using separate extraction from two meconium aliquots which is costly in terms of both time and materials [25]; to date, a method for the simultaneous extraction of FAEE and EtG from a single aliquot of meconium has not been validated [16,19,[26][27][28][29]. Himes et al [30] described the extraction of nine FAEEs, EtG, and EtS from the same meconium aliquot by performing two different solid-phase extractions (SPE).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel, simultaneous extraction of FAEE and EtG from meconium and analysis by LC-MS/MS

et al. 2016

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Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) and ethyl-glucuronide (EtG) in meconium have been widely studied as biomarkers of maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Many analytical approaches have been proposed for their analysis, mostly consisting of separated extraction procedures requiring the use of two meconium aliquots. This study aimed to validate a new analytical procedure for the simultaneous extraction of FAEEs and EtG from a meconium aliquot through a single solid-phase extraction (SPE) applied to 242 anonymized samples of meconium. Targeted FAEEs were: ethyl-myristate (Myr), ethyl-palmitate (Pal), ethyl-oleate (Ole) and ethyl-stearate (Ste). Two hundred milligrams of meconium was sonicated with acetonitrile, and a single SPE performed by means of aminopropyl columns. FAEEs were eluted with hexane, followed by EtG elution with water. Both the mixtures were dried, recovered, and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using C8 (FAEEs) and C18 (EtG) columns. Transitions were: m/z 257 → 57,88, Myr; m/z 262 → 57,88, Myr-d5; m/z 285 → 57, 72, Pal; m/z 290 → 57,258, Pal-d5; m/z 311 → 72,114, Ole; m/z 316 → 72,265, Ole-d5; m/z 257 → 57,72 Ste; m/z 318 → 57,286, Ste-d5; m/z 221 → 75,85, EtG; m/z 226 → 75,85, EtG-d5. Lower limit of quantification range was 10-15 ng/g for FAEEs and 10 ng/g for EtG. Linearity was evaluated for different concentration ranges; the mean coefficients of determination (R (2)) were above 0.9961. Precision and accuracy for FAEEs and EtG were consistently ≤20 % and ±20 %, respectively. Ion suppression was observed for all the analytes. Matrix effect did not significantly affect the analyses. Recovery efficiency was 93 % for EtG and 75-85 % for FAEEs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel, simultaneous extraction of FAEE and EtG from meconium and analysis by LC-MS/MS

et al. 2016

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“…Most are based on solid-phase extraction and solid-phase microextraction [2,5,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] but simple, rapid, and less labor-intensive extraction techniques are needed in forensic toxicology. The growing interest in obtaining increasingly better results in this context has led to the development of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), which has been widely used for extraction of organic pollutants from sediments, soil, water, and other types of material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, MAE has rarely been used to extract drugs of abuse from different materials, for example serum, urine, tablets, or coca leaves [17]. Chromatographic methods using gas chromatography (GC) coupled with either flame-ionization detection or mass spectrometry (MS) or using LC-MS-MS have been published in recent years [1,2,5,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. This study proposes a new, fast, sensitive, and reliable method for analysis of FAEEs in meconium samples which uses MAE and GC-MS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new method for quantifying prenatal exposure to ethanol by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of meconium followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)

et al. 2012

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Ethanol is a legal and widely available substance. There are health and social consequences associated with its abuse. One of the most important problems is related to alcohol consumption during pregnancy. In fact, prenatal ethanol exposure can be associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), a term used to describe a wide range of potentially lifelong effects that include physical, mental, behavioral, and learning disabilities. Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs), which are non-oxidative metabolites of ethanol, are currently used as biomarkers of direct ethanol consumption in different matrices, including hair, blood, skin surface, and meconium. Analysis of these compounds in meconium reveals exposure to alcohol during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. An important finding for evaluation of gestational ethanol exposure is the fact that FAEEs do not cross the placenta. Because they accumulate in the fetal gut from approximately the 20th week of gestation until birth, this provides a wide window of detection of chronic exposure to alcohol. The sum of the concentrations of all the FAEEs, with a cutoff of 2 nmol g(-1) or 600 ng g(-1) meconium, has been recommended as evidence of maternal alcohol use. We introduce a novel technique to quantify ethyl myristate, ethyl palmitate, ethyl stearate, and their deuterated analogues (as internal standards, IS) in meconium using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Limits of detection and quantification were 50 and 100 ng g(-1) for all analytes except ethyl stearate (LOD 100 ng g(-1) and LOQ 500 ng g(-1)). Calibration curves were linear from the LOQ to 5000 ng g(-1). The validated method was applied to the analysis of 81 meconium samples.

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Quantitation of fatty acid ethyl esters in human meconium by an improved liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

Cited by 23 publications

References 6 publications

A novel, simultaneous extraction of FAEE and EtG from meconium and analysis by LC-MS/MS

A novel, simultaneous extraction of FAEE and EtG from meconium and analysis by LC-MS/MS

A new method for quantifying prenatal exposure to ethanol by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of meconium followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)

Current literature in mass spectrometry

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