Quantitation of Ethyl-β-d-Glucuronide in Human Umbilical Cord Tissue by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)

Wabuyele, Simuli L.; McMillin, Gwendolyn A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-8823-5_21

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Cords were assessed by using established qualitative liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry methods designed to detect 49 drugs and their metabolites, including opioids, amphetamines, cocaine, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, gabapentin, phencyclidine, zolpidem, THC-COOH, and ethyl glucuronide (alcohol metabolite), as described in detail elsewhere. 10,19,20 Briefly, 1 g of umbilical cord tissue was homogenized in a master-mix solution containing sodium phosphate buffer, b-glucuronidase enzyme, and isotopically labeled internal standards. The homogenate was incubated at 55°C for 30 minutes for enzyme hydrolysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Umbilical Cord Collection and Drug Testing to Estimate Prenatal Substance Exposure in Utah

Smid¹,

Allshouse²,

McMillin³

et al. 2022

Obstetrics &Amp; Gynecology

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Umbilical Cord Collection and Drug Testing to Estimate Prenatal Substance Exposure in Utah

Smid¹,

Allshouse²,

McMillin³

et al. 2022

Obstetrics &Amp; Gynecology

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“…Alcohol by‐products can also be measured in other fetal and newborn tissues, including umbilical cord [174] and neonatal hair [175]. Nevertheless, clinical screening tools rely on a combination of a positive history of maternal alcohol consumption as well as neurobehavioral and dysmorphology variables at various stages of life with the “gold standard” being an assessment by a multidisciplinary team, using a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests of 10 brain domains [176]. Many screening tools are available around the world but currently, little information is available about what tools are actually used at the coal‐face by clinicians and whether any specific tool impacts on patient outcomes [176].…”

Section: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (Fasd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol use in pregnancy and its impact on the mother and child

Oei

2020

Addiction

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Aims To review the impact of prenatal alcohol exposure on the outcomes of the mother and child. Design Narrative review. Setting Review of literature. Participants Mothers and infants affected by prenatal alcohol use. Measurements Outcomes of mothers and children. Findings Prenatal alcohol exposure is one of the most important causes of preventable cognitive impairment in the world. The developing neurological system is exquisitely sensitive to harm from alcohol and there is now also substantial evidence that alcohol-related harm can extend beyond the individual person, leading to epigenetic changes and intergenerational vulnerability and disadvantage. There is no known safe level or timing of drinking for pregnant or lactating women and binge drinking (> four drinks within 2 hours for women) is the most harmful. Alcohol-exposure increases the risk of congenital problems, including Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) and its most severe form, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). Conclusion The impact of FASD and FAS is enduring and lifelong with no current treatment or cure. Emerging therapeutic options may mitigate the worst impact of alcohol exposure but significant knowledge gaps remain. This review discusses the history, epidemiology and clinical presentations of prenatal alcohol exposure, focusing on FASD and FAS, and the impact of evidence on future research, practice and policy directions.

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“…Ethyl glucuronide (EtG), a direct long-term ethanol biomarker, is formed by the combination of ethanol and glucuronic acid in the liver, only produced when ethanol is present, and retained in umbilical cord tissue for an undetermined period of time [15]. Detection of EtG in umbilical cord tissue provides objective information for at-risk newborns who were prenatally exposed to ethanol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using umbilical cord tissue to identify prenatal ethanol exposure and co-exposure to other commonly misused substances

Jones,

Coy,

Gidron

et al. 2024

J Perinatol

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Objective Substance misuse during pregnancy can result in a variety of poor pregnancy outcomes. Objective data reporting the prevalence of neonates born with ethanol metabolites (evidence of prenatal ethanol exposure) in their fluids or tissues are limited. Study design A secondary analysis of umbilical cord tissue specimens received for routine toxicological analysis was conducted. Prevalences of ethyl glucuronide (EtG), a long-term direct ethanol biomarker, were determined using a new laboratory tool, LDTD-MSMS. Additionally, other commonly misused substances were determined using routine procedures. Results Of 12,995 specimens, 238 (1.8%) specimens contained EtG. Concentrations of EtG ranged from 5 ng/g to 6679 ng/g (median 47 ng/mg; IQR: 16 ng/g, 203 ng/g). Of those 238 EtG-positive specimens, nearly 58% (N = 138) contained additional substances or metabolites. Conclusion Self-report of substance use during pregnancy is under-reported. We have demonstrated co-exposure of substances with ethanol is higher than previous reports.

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Quantitation of Ethyl-β-d-Glucuronide in Human Umbilical Cord Tissue by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Umbilical Cord Collection and Drug Testing to Estimate Prenatal Substance Exposure in Utah

Umbilical Cord Collection and Drug Testing to Estimate Prenatal Substance Exposure in Utah

Alcohol use in pregnancy and its impact on the mother and child

Using umbilical cord tissue to identify prenatal ethanol exposure and co-exposure to other commonly misused substances

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