Quantitation and analysis of the specificity of post-immunization antibodies to influenza B viruses using single radial haemolysis

Oxford, John; Yetts, Risha; Schild, G. C.

doi:10.1017/s0022172400070170

Cited by 32 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…For influenza B viruses the HI test is an unreliable indicator of immunity, and is oflow sensitivity (La Montagne, 1980;Wright, Bryant & Karzon, 1980), and SRH appears superior for the measurement of antibodies to this virus (Chakraverty, 1980;Oxford, Yetts & Schild, 1982;Goodeve, Jennings & Potter, 1983;Mancini et al 1983). For these reasons, SRH should replace the conventional HI test for routine laboratory measurement of such antibodies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Essentially the gels for haemolysis were prepared using the methods of Oxford, Yetts & Schild (1982), except that veronal buffered saline (VBS) was used as diluent throughout (Kurtz et al 1980). Sheep erythrocytes were sensitized using 30000 haemagglutinating units (HAU) of A/USSR/77, or 20000 HAU of WRL 105 per ml of erythrocytes.…”

Section: Serum Pair8mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The single radial haemolysis (SRH) test (Russell, McCahon and Beare, 1975;Schild, Pereira & Chakraverty, 1975) is now widely used for the determination of antibody to influenza A and B viruses in both vaccine studies and following natural infections (Vaananen et al, 1976;Farrohi et al 1977;Delem & Jovanovic, 1978;Cretescu et al 1979;Chakraverty, 1980;Grilli & Davies, 1981;Oxford, Yetts & Schild, 1982;Yamagishi et al 1982; Goodeve, Jennings and Potter, 1983). It is a test both simple and reproducible, rapid to perform, and more sensitive than the conventional haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test (Russel, McCahon & Beare, 1975;Oxford et al 1982;Goodeve, Jennings & Potter, 1983;Jennings et al 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a test both simple and reproducible, rapid to perform, and more sensitive than the conventional haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test (Russel, McCahon & Beare, 1975;Oxford et al 1982;Goodeve, Jennings & Potter, 1983;Jennings et al 1984). Antibody measured by SRH is expressed in terms of zone areas of haemolysis (Russell et al 1975), and in recent years the zone area increase corresponding to significant rises in antibody titre in serum pairs have been defined for both influenza A (Oxford et al 1982) and influenza B viruses (Goodeve et al 1983). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interpretation of responses and protective levels of antibody against attenuated influenza A viruses using single radial haemolysis

Al-Khayatt

Jennings

Potter

1984

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYAntibody determinations against H3N2 and HINI type A influenza viruses were carried out on paired sera obtained from volunteers taking part in influenza virus vaccine studies, using both the haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) and single radial haemolysis (SRH) test. Good correlation between the HI and SRH test was found for both H3N2 and HI NI antibody and the zone area increases corresponding to significant SRH antibody rises determined for both virus strains. In both H3N2 and HiN1 vaccine studies, intranasal infection of the volunteers with live attenuated viruses was involved and by the measurement of HI and SRH antibodies prior to and following infection, levels of antibody equating with protection against the infecting viruses could be estimated. For the HI test the antibody titres associated with 500 protection were 42 for HI N 1, and 44 for H3N2 viruses; for the SRH test, 50 % protection was associated with zone areas of 200-25-0 mm2 for both HINI and H3N2 viruses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Serum Pair8mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Interpretation of responses and protective levels of antibody against attenuated influenza A viruses using single radial haemolysis

Al-Khayatt

Jennings

Potter

1984

J. Hyg.

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“…This finding may not indicate that less serum HI antibody is necessary for protection against influenza B virus infection, but rather that the HI test is less sensitive in detecting HI antibody to influenza B viruses than to influenza A. This explanation is supported by the lower serum HI antibody responses seen following immunization, and the relative insensitivity of the HI test compared to the single radial haemolysis test in detecting antibody to influenza B virus, which is not seen for antibody to influenza A viruses (Oxford, Yetts & Schild, 1982). In addition, this would explain the finding of some studies that serum HI antibody titres are a poor indicaton ofimmunity to influenza B infection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A graded-dose study of inactivated, surface antigen influenza B vaccine in volunteers: reactogenicity, antibody response and protection to challenge virus infection

Goodeve

Potter

Clark

et al. 1983

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYOne hundred and nineteen volunteers were divided into five groups, and each volunteer inoculated subcutaneously with an aqueous subunit B/Hong Kong/73 vaccine containing 40, 20, 10, or 5 ,ug of HA or saline alone in a 0-5 ml volume. The incidence of reactions was recorded 24 h after inoculation. One month following immunization the serum HI antibody to B/Hong Kong/73 virus was measured; each volunteer was inoculated intranasally with live, attenuated influenza B (RB77) virus; and the incidence of infection by the challenge virus was determined by HI antibody response.The results showed that the incidence of reactions to all doses of vaccine were relatively low, the severity mild, and the duration short. However, the incidence of reactions was highest for those given 40 jug HA and least for those given 5 4g HA. The serum HI antibody responses to vaccine showed a dose-response relationship. For volunteers given 40 jug HA, 22 (96 %) showed a fourfold rise in antibody titre and all volunteers had antibody titres of > 40 following immunization: for volunteers given 5 ,ug HA the g.m.t. increased from 16-6 to 86-1; and for those given 10 and 20,sg HA the response was intermediate. Following challenge, the lowest incidence ofinfection was seen in volunteers given the highest dose of vaccine. However, all doses of vaccine induced some protection against challenge virus infection, and the incidence of infection was directly related to the serum antibody titre at the time of challenge. The 50 % protection titre of serum HI antibody was estimated as 15 to 20.

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Serological responses in volunteers to inactivated trivalent subunit influenza vaccine: Antibody reactivity with epidemic influenza A and B strains and evidence of a rapid immune response

Zuckerman¹,

Wood²,

Chakraverty³

et al. 1991

Journal of Medical Virology

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A study of the immunogenicity of the inactivated trivalent subunit influenza vaccine for the 1989/90 season was performed in what proved to be an influenza epidemic year. One hundred student volunteers at The London Hospital Medical College participated in the study and the findings indicated that there was an excellent serological match between the epidemic strain of influenza A (H3N2) and the vaccine strain. Before vaccination, the geometric mean titre (GMT) to A/England/308/89, a representative H3N2 epidemic strain in the United Kingdom from the 1989/90 season, was 46. Post-vaccination the antibody levels rose and 99% of vaccinees had HI titres of greater than or equal to 40, the GMT being 131. The serological responses were also investigated against other circulating influenza A (H3N2 and H1N1) and B strains. Preliminary results of an evaluation of the rapidity of the immune response showed that in three of six subjects rises in HI antibody appeared within two days of vaccination.

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Quantitation and analysis of the specificity of post-immunization antibodies to influenza B viruses using single radial haemolysis

Abstract: SUMMARYThe single radial haemolysis (SRH)

Cited by 32 publications

References 16 publications

Interpretation of responses and protective levels of antibody against attenuated influenza A viruses using single radial haemolysis

Interpretation of responses and protective levels of antibody against attenuated influenza A viruses using single radial haemolysis

A graded-dose study of inactivated, surface antigen influenza B vaccine in volunteers: reactogenicity, antibody response and protection to challenge virus infection

Serological responses in volunteers to inactivated trivalent subunit influenza vaccine: Antibody reactivity with epidemic influenza A and B strains and evidence of a rapid immune response

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