Quantifying Variability for Grid-connected Photovoltaics in the Tropics for Microgrid Application

Design of Battery Storage System for Malaysia Low Voltage Distribution Network with the Presence of Residential Solar Photovoltaic System

“…There are five different types of PV profiles that might happen based on Malaysia's weather conditions, based on the recorded and analyzed site data [24,28]. The authors clustered the data sets of a year as clear day, overcast day, moderate variability, mild variability, and high variability.…”

“…An enhanced probabilistic load forecasting technique was proposed for optimal energy storage system operation; however, the authors did not consider simultaneously the presence of PV generation in their optimization model [23]. Analysis in [24] that apply annual solar irradiation data suggests that the output from the solar PV system is highly uncertain and able to be broadly categorized into five variability days. Averaging the multiday PV profiles into a typical PV profile for a case study may underestimate the BESS capacity requirement.…”

Impact of the photovoltaic system variability on transformer tap changer operations in distribution networks

“…The moving clouds contribute significantly towards the relatively high solar variability in a tropic country like Malaysia. Interestingly, clear sky only represents 1% throughout the annual days [2].…”

“…Technical issues such as voltage rise effect and output variability of PV systems are expected to be the main challenges. Characterised as a tropical region, Malaysia experiences large cloud cover and frequent cloud-passing events [2]. As a result, the electrical power output of a solar PV system could change drastically within a short period of time.…”