Quantifying the RSV immunity debt following COVID-19: a public health matter

Billard, Marie-Noëlle; Bont, Louis

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00544-8

Cited by 51 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The Netherlands exhibited a unique pattern of RSV re-emergence during the COVID-19 pandemic characterized by a high summer peak in 2021 followed by a prolonged period of continuous transmission at mid- to high-level RSV activity. Our model simulations confirm that population “immunity debt” can explain the large RSV summer outbreak and the following “endemic phase” ( Supplementary Figure 5 ) [4, 7-9]. Additionally, NPIs were gradually re-implemented between mid-November 2021 and end-of-January 2022.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

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Year-round RSV Transmission in the Netherlands Following the COVID-19 Pandemic - A Prospective Nationwide Observational and Modeling Study

Löwensteyn

Zheng²,

Rave

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Several studies suggested that school reopening is associated with increased RSV activity [1, 3]. However, little attention has been paid to the impact of increased RSV susceptibility in children and adults due to low RSV exposure during the pandemic (“immunity debt”) on the patterns of resurgence [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Year-round RSV Transmission in the Netherlands Following the COVID-19 Pandemic - A Prospective Nationwide Observational and Modeling Study

Löwensteyn

Zheng²,

Rave

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Children without immune memory towards the pre‐pandemic common microbial agents were presumed to be more susceptible to infections (including RSV) and to potentially more severe diseases. This hypothesis was then demonstrated by the stronger impact of viral infections on children observed worldwide after the relaxation of restrictive hygiene measures 19–22 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

How has the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic changed the epidemiology and management of acute bronchiolitis?

Brisca

Mariani

Buratti

et al. 2023

Pediatric Pulmonology

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Objective SARS‐COV‐2 pandemic profoundly impacted acute bronchiolitis epidemiology worldwide, especially respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) diffusion and the burden of disease, with remarkable implications on the management of health resources. We aimed to study the epidemiology and clinical course of bronchiolitis in the past 5 years in our region and to assess the trends that occurred during and after the SARS‐COV‐2 pandemic. Methods We conducted an observational study including all children aged 0–2 years with bronchiolitis admitted to a tertiary children's hospital during the last 5 years. Demographic, clinical, and microbiological data were collected. Comparisons between patient subgroups were carried out. Results A total of 647 patients admitted for bronchiolitis were included (median age 78 days). Molecular diagnostic tests were performed in 617 patients (95.4%) with RSV detected in 51.5% of patients in prepandemic years and 74.5% in pandemic years. Through the study period, we observed a progressive increase in the number of children requiring respiratory support, RSV infections, and children with a history of prematurity. Conversely, this was not true for mechanical ventilation, duration of respiratory support, intensive care unit admission, and length of stay. Conclusions Clinical course and epidemiology of bronchiolitis showed a significant change through the study years with a heavy impact during the 2021–2022 season. The increase in the number of patients requiring respiratory support, although not associated with an increase in mechanical ventilation, may be explained by the higher prevalence of RSV. The change in epidemiology highlights the importance of surveillance systems to monitor RSV circulation, to plan prophylactic strategies, and prepare healthcare systems.

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“…Social distancing measures to contain COVID-19 disrupted RSV transmission with greatly reduced respiratory disease burden, but once social distancing was relaxed it returned with even greater prevalence and virulence. It has been postulated that this reflects reduced population immunity after a period of limited transmission, referred to as “immune debt” ( 11 , 29 ). RSV is a major vaccine development target and promising new candidate vaccines will enter phase 3 trials in the near future ( 30 ).…”

Section: Common Causes Of Community-acquired Pneumoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

The dilemma of improving rational antibiotic use in pediatric community-acquired pneumonia

Nguyen

Robinson²,

Fitzgerald³

et al. 2023

Front. Pediatr.

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Pneumonia is the number one cause of disease and deaths in children under five years old, outside the neonatal period, with the greatest number of cases reported from resource-limited settings. The etiology is variable, with not much information on the local etiology drug resistance profile in many countries. Recent studies suggest an increasing contribution from respiratory viruses, also in children with severe pneumonia, with an increased relative contribution in settings that have good vaccine coverage against common bacterial pathogens. Respiratory virus circulation was greatly reduced during highly restrictive measures to contain the spread of COVID-19 but rebounded once COVID-19 restrictions were relaxed. We conducted a comprehensive literature review of the disease burden, pathogens, case management and current available prevention of community acquired childhood pneumonia, with a focus on rational antibiotic use, since the treatment of respiratory infections is the leading cause of antibiotic use in children. Consistent application of revised World Health Organisation (WHO) guidance that children presenting with coryzal symptoms or wheeze can be managed without antibiotics in the absence of fever, will help to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use, as will increased availability and use of bedside inflammatory marker tests, such as C–reactive protein (CRP) in children with respiratory symptoms and fever.

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Quantifying the RSV immunity debt following COVID-19: a public health matter

Cited by 51 publications

References 10 publications

Year-round RSV Transmission in the Netherlands Following the COVID-19 Pandemic - A Prospective Nationwide Observational and Modeling Study

Year-round RSV Transmission in the Netherlands Following the COVID-19 Pandemic - A Prospective Nationwide Observational and Modeling Study

How has the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic changed the epidemiology and management of acute bronchiolitis?

The dilemma of improving rational antibiotic use in pediatric community-acquired pneumonia

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