Quantifying the properties of selective laser sintered nylon foot orthoses under linear loading

Pallari, Jari; Slack, Harriet; Masson, Alastair; Jackson, Greg; Munguia, Javier; Dalgarno, Kenneth

doi:10.1186/1757-1146-7-s2-a7

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Additive manufacturing is becoming widely used in orthopaedics, since it allows to obtain complex shaped devices made with a number of different materials [20]. The present review, in agreement with two recent studies [36, 37], has shown that most 3D‐printed PD‐AFOs are manufactured via Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) [5, 6, 8, 14, 15, 18, 25, 26, 38–42] and Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) – also known as Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) – [10, 15, 17, 43, 44]. SLS works with a high‐power laser to sinter polymer powders, while FDM adds melted thermoplastic filaments in consecutive stratified layers to create the object.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…This process, however, is time-consuming and highly operatordependent. Therefore, in the last 10 years, new technologies to obtain a 3D digital replica of the patient's geometry have been used to create a solid model of the foot and leg: laser-based scanners [5][6][7][8][9][10] (6 out of 16 studies); structured-light scanners [11][12][13] (3/16); computer tomography [5,[14][15][16] (4/16); 3D coordinate digitizer to acquire landmark positions [17,18] (2/16), and photogrammetry [19] (1/16). According to recent reviews [20,21], 3D scanning, computer tomography and optical motion capture systems all represent valid and reliable alternatives to traditional casting methods to obtain a solid model of the patient's foot and leg geometry.…”

Section: A) Scanning Technologies and Geometry Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design principles, manufacturing and evaluation techniques of custom dynamic ankle‐foot orthoses: a review study

Rogati

Caravaggi

Leardini

2022

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

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Ankle-Foot Orthoses (AFO) can be prescribed to allow drop-foot patients to restore a quasi-normal gait pattern. Standard off-the-shelf AFOs are cost-effective solutions to treat most patients with foot and ankle weakness, but these devices have several limitations, especially in terms of comfort. Therefore, custom AFOs are increasingly adopted to address drop-foot when standard solutions are not adequate. While the solid ones are the most common type of AFO, providing full stability and strong resistance to ankle plantarflexion, passive dynamic AFOs (PD-AFOs) represent the ideal solution for patients with less severe ankle weakness. PD-AFOs have a flexible calf shell, which can bend during the stance phase of walking and absorb energy that can be released to support the limb in the push-off phase. The aim of this review is to assess the state-of-the-art and identify the current limitations of PD-AFOs. An extensive literature review was performed in Google Scholar to identify all studies on custom PD-AFOs. Only those papers reporting on custom PD-AFOs were included in the review. Non peer-reviewed papers, abstract shorter than three pages, lecture notes and thesis dissertations were excluded from the analysis. Particular attention was given to the customization principles and the mechanical and functional tests. For each topic, the main results from all relevant papers are reported and summarized herein. There were 75 papers that corresponded to the search criteria. These were grouped according to the following macro-topics: 16 focusing on scanning technologies and geometry acquisition; 14 on customization criteria; 19 on production techniques; 16 on mechanical testing, and 33 on functional testing. According to the present review, design and production of custom PD-AFOs are becoming increasingly feasible due to advancements in 3D scanning techniques and additive manufacturing. In general, custom PD-AFOs were shown to provide better comfort and improved spatio-temporal parameters with respect to standard solutions. However, no customization principle to adapt PD-AFO stiffness to the patient’s degree of ankle impairment or mechanical/functional demand has thus far been proposed.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: A) Scanning Technologies and Geometry Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design principles, manufacturing and evaluation techniques of custom dynamic ankle‐foot orthoses: a review study

Rogati

Caravaggi

Leardini

2022

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

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“…A subject specific AFO was constructed using the selective laser sintering technique [2]. The actual stiffness of the AFO was determined using finite element analysis [3] and was 258 Nm/rad.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of a subject‐specific AFO on the muscle activation during gait of a test subject suffering from a hemiparetic anterior muscle insufficiency in the lower leg

Creylman

Muraru

Vertommen

et al. 2012

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

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“…For this reason, a range of materials with varying density, cushioning effect, and shock absorption may be used to create the foot orthoses, allowing them to be customized to the patient's specifications. When opposed to prefabricated orthoses, customized foot orthoses provide superior therapy because they make complete contact with the plantar area of the foot [13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Novel Customized Insole for Effective Pressure Offloading in Diabetic Patients

Bose,

Singh,

Gupta

et al. 2024

Prosthesis

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The number of people with diabetes is rising day-by-day, which also raises the incidence of diabetic ulcers, sensation loss in the foot’s plantar area, and in extreme instances, amputations. Using customized shoes, unloading orthoses, insoles, and other strategies may help control these issues to some degree. In this work, a novel modular diabetic insole was designed and fabricated to effectively offload the abnormal or peak plantar pressures in diabetic patients. The pressure values in the plantar region were quantified using an in-house-developed plantar pressure-measuring insole consisting of force sensitive resistor (FSR) sensors. The effectiveness of the modular diabetic insole was tested qualitatively and quantitatively. The qualitative performance of the insole was reported using Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology (QUEST 2.0) in terms of subjective parameters like comfort, ease of use, effectiveness, etc. and calculated as 4.7 ± 0.18. Thereafter, the wearable pressure-measuring insole was used to investigate the feasibility of modular insole for the plantar pressure offloading during standing and walking conditions. It was observed that the maximum average zonal pressure (AZP) was reduced by up to 99% from 121.30 ± 3.72 kPa to 0.22 ± 0.18 kPa for the standing condition whereas it was reduced to 6.76 ± 2.03 kPa from 197.71 ± 3.21 kPa with a percentage value of 96% for the walking condition. In conclusion, the findings of this work validate the effectiveness of the modular diabetic insole as an intervention tool for diabetic foot ulcer prevention.

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Quantifying the properties of selective laser sintered nylon foot orthoses under linear loading

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Design principles, manufacturing and evaluation techniques of custom dynamic ankle‐foot orthoses: a review study

Design principles, manufacturing and evaluation techniques of custom dynamic ankle‐foot orthoses: a review study

The effect of a subject‐specific AFO on the muscle activation during gait of a test subject suffering from a hemiparetic anterior muscle insufficiency in the lower leg

Development of a Novel Customized Insole for Effective Pressure Offloading in Diabetic Patients

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