Quantifying the Non-stationarity of Vehicle Vibrations with the Run Test

Rouillard, Vincent

doi:10.1002/pts.2024

Cited by 42 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The crest‐factor distribution can be used to give an indication of the presence of shocks in the data . The nonstationary character of the vibrations was evaluated using the (moving) rms distributions and correlating variations in rms of each of the three variables viz. : heave, pitch and roll.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some characteristics of the heave, pitch and roll vibrations within urban delivery routes

Rouillard

Lamb

2020

Packag Technol Sci

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Until recently, laboratory testing of packaged systems has been undertaken by simulating vertical vibrations alone. However, with increasing demand for a reduction in packaging waste, the use lightweight systems, such as stretch film, is increasing. Such containment systems are susceptible to the lateral forces generated by the pitch and roll vibratory motion of vehicles due to road surface unevenness. If laboratory simulation is to be realistic, multi‐axial motion must be taken into account and an understanding of the relationships between the random heave, pitch, and roll vibrations is essential. This paper uses vibration data collected from a number of transport vehicles traveling along typical urban and suburban routes to establish the nature and level of the multi‐axial vibrations that exist. These are presented with average Power Density Spectra (PDS) as well as statistical distributions of the moving root‐mean‐square (rms). The paper analyses the data for correlation of the rms levels with respect to nonstationarity. This is important when simulating nonstationary (randomly fluctuating rms) vibrations for heave, pitch and roll. These statistical correlation functions are used to manage the relative rms levels of each of the three Degrees of Freedom (DoFs) when undertaking vibration simulations using multi‐axis vibration test systems. The results show that the relationships between the moving rms of heave, pitch and roll vibrations are not strongly correlated but can be characterized statistically as joint distributions to enable realistic simulation of multi‐axial random vibrations of road transport vehicles under controlled laboratory conditions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some characteristics of the heave, pitch and roll vibrations within urban delivery routes

Rouillard

Lamb

2020

Packag Technol Sci

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“…The unit of PD is G 2 /Hz, and the calculated data are presented from 1 to 200 Hz in this study. Here, it has to be noted that the noise floor of the SAVER 3X90 is around 0.02 G RMS at a 500‐Hz bandwidth, so the events below this limit were filtered out from the analysis, as previous research has already done . This is in addition to those events that happened during the handlings or transshipments to obtain pure vibration events.…”

Section: Design Of Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibration and acceleration levels of multimodal container shipping physical environment

Böröcz

2019

Packag Technol Sci

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In global supply chains, multimodal transportation plays a dominant role in worldwide shipping. The rail, truck, and vessel combination is the most commonly used mode for non‐time sensitive shipments between continents. This study focused on measuring the transportation environment effects (vibration and acceleration levels) in 40‐foot ISO container shipments using multiple modes of transport, originating in Hungary and destined for Mexico, India, and China over several weeks. The study also measured multimodal shipping routes without vessel transportation to China over Trans‐Siberian and Trans‐Manchurian railway lines. The transshipments and handling events in container hubs and terminals were separately analyzed. The results show the comparison of vibration intensity (in PSD) of different route conditions between various continents, and the possibility of acceleration levels during transshipments and handling events. The measured data show that extreme acceleration levels in vertical direction (9.37 G) occur while containers are handled in a seaport, and in lateral (4.45 G) and longitudinal (5.55 G) directions while they are transshipped by truck to rail container terminals. The rail vibration levels in Russia and China showed a lower intensity in the frequency range of 1 to 15 Hz, and higher between 15 and 200 Hz than in Europe; the lowest vibration levels occurred when the containers traveled on the sea, and truck vibration levels were very similar to previous research and ISTA protocols.

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“…Definitions of stationarity which are widely accepted are given by Newland [51] and Challis and Kitney [52] to distinguish truly stationary processes from nonstationary processes and to define the magnitudes of non-stationarities [53]. Stationarity is classified as strictly stationarity and weakly stationarity [54].…”

Section: Non-stationaritymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Weakly stationary is used to refer to random processes for which only the first-order and second-order probability distributions are time invariant. Strictly stationarity is used to describe random processes for which all probability distributions remain constant with time [53]. Both versions begin with a stochastic process X ω; t ð Þ: t ¼ 0; 71; 7 2; … È É having a finite set of random variables X t 1 ; X t 2 ; …; X tn È É .…”

Section: Non-stationaritymentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on prognostic techniques for non-stationary and non-linear rotating systems

Kan

Tan

Mathew

2015

Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing

305

153

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a b s t r a c tThe field of prognostics has attracted significant interest from the research community in recent times. Prognostics enables the prediction of failures in machines resulting in benefits to plant operators such as shorter downtimes, higher operation reliability, reduced operations and maintenance cost, and more effective maintenance and logistics planning. Prognostic systems have been successfully deployed for the monitoring of relatively simple rotating machines. However, machines and associated systems today are increasingly complex. As such, there is an urgent need to develop prognostic techniques for such complex systems operating in the real world. This review paper focuses on prognostic techniques that can be applied to rotating machinery operating under nonlinear and non-stationary conditions. The general concept of these techniques, the pros and cons of applying these methods, as well as their applications in the research field are discussed. Finally, the opportunities and challenges in implementing prognostic systems and developing effective techniques for monitoring machines operating under nonstationary and non-linear conditions are also discussed.

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Quantifying the Non-stationarity of Vehicle Vibrations with the Run Test

Cited by 42 publications

References 11 publications

Some characteristics of the heave, pitch and roll vibrations within urban delivery routes

Some characteristics of the heave, pitch and roll vibrations within urban delivery routes

Vibration and acceleration levels of multimodal container shipping physical environment

A review on prognostic techniques for non-stationary and non-linear rotating systems

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