Quantifying the Microeconomic Effects of War Using Panel Data: Evidence From Nepal

On war intensity and schooling attainment: The case of Bosnia and Herzegovina

“…As such, self selection can be thought of as an omitted variable problem. It can potentially be overcome by accounting for individual fixed effects using panel data, assuming that the unobserved attribute is time-invariant (Pivovarova and Swee, 2015); however, that is clearly infeasible in this case as the data are cross-sectional. Therefore, I will address this issue by providing supporting evidence against self selection in Section 5.3.…”

“…3 More importantly, given the availability of a rich set of supplementary data on the Bosnian War -including individual-level physical and mental health, and municipality-level war damages, repairs, and wartime displacement -this paper improves upon the existing literature by examining a suite of possible mechanisms through 1 According to Collier, Hoeffler, and Rohner (2009), who use data from the Correlates of War Project (Singer and Small, 1994;Gleditsch, 2004), there were 84 civil wars across the globe which involved more than 50 countries in the period 1965-2004. 2 For example, see Akresh and de Walque (2008), Chamarbagwala and Morán (2011), Merrouche (2011), Shemyakina (2011, León (2012), Rodriguez and Sanchez (2012), Valente (2013), Akbulut-Yuksel (2014), and Pivovarova and Swee (2015) on schooling, Bundervoet, Verwimp, and Akresh (2008), Akresh, Verwimp, and Bundervoet (2011), and Grimard and Laszlo (2014) on child health, and Kondylis (2010), Kecmanovic (2012), and Menon and Rodgers (2013) on employment. 3 Kondylis (2010) adopts a similar approach by using the Bosnian war casualty data to construct a measure of conflict severity.…”

Displacement and education of the next generation: evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina

“…In a recent addition to the literature Pivovarova and Swee (2012) suggest that all these findings could be driven by "selection into victimization", ie. wartime displacement changes the composition of the population.…”

“…wartime displacement changes the composition of the population. 3 For the case of Nepal, Pivovarova and Swee (2012) show with panel data that the problem is empirically relevant.…”

Growing-up Unfortunate: War and Human Capital in Ethiopia

“…A recent study by Valente (2013) based on data from Nepal finds that conflict intensity is associated with an increase in female (although the abductions by Maoists have a negative effect) and male schooling attainment. A more recent study by Pivovarova and Swee (2015) concludes that there is no effect of war intensity on schooling attainment in Nepal. In addition, a study for Timor-Leste (Justino et al, 2013) based on two waves of crosssectional survey data finds mixed short-term and negative long-term effects of exposure to conflict.…”