Quantifying the invisible audience in social networks

Bernstein, Michael S.; Bakshy, Eytan; Burke, Moira; Karrer, Brian

doi:10.1145/2470654.2470658

Cited by 283 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Studies on Facebook as informal English language learning sites indicate that Facebook offers rich language enhancement activities for the students to improve their English language proficiency levels (Melor, Salehi, & Chenzi, 2012;Omar et al, 2012;Shih, 2011;Wu & Hsu, 2011;Kabilan, Ahmad, & Zainol, 2010) Lecturers often use online group forums for group discussions and class learning as online forum discussions gain popularity among students. However, many studies show of non-participation among students in the participation of online group discussions as some students prefer to observe silently without participating (Antin & Cheshire, 2010;Benevenuto et al 2009;Bernstein, Bakshy, Burke, & Karrer, 2013). Lurking in this study is social talks and use the instructions' frequent interventions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Lurking and L2 Learners on a Facebook Group: The Voices of the Invisibles

Shafie¹,

Yaacob²,

Singh³

2016

ELT

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This qualitative research investigates the practice of lurking among English as a second language (ESL) learners in a Facebook group discussion. Lurking is a term used to describe the activity of following and observing any online discussions or activities without contributing to the discussions. Lurkers are often accused of being invisible and passive participants. Facebook groups with international members usually uses English as the medium of communication in their group discussions. It is a norm for L2 learners to lurk in the group. These L2 learners often do not have the required English language proficiency and the confidence to participate actively in the group they join. This study explores lurking behaviours of three participants in learning English in informal Facebook contexts. This study uses a qualitative case study. The study involved three L2 learners who were university students and members of a Facebook group. The study involved online observation and semi-structured interviews with these three participants. Their Facebook accounts and a common Facebook group were observed for 14 weeks, and after the online observation, the participants were interviewed. Data collected from online observation and semi-structured interviewed were analysed and managed using Atlas.ti 7. The study reveals five emerging themes such as that lurkers have poor online communication skills, lack of confidence, learning by lurking, lack of a sense of belonging and lurking is the norm of Facebook groups.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Lurking and L2 Learners on a Facebook Group: The Voices of the Invisibles

Shafie¹,

Yaacob²,

Singh³

2016

ELT

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“…An essential part of such ekstasis is knowledge of the social situation. People, however, are often unaware of their online audience and/or its size (Bernstein et al 2013;Litt 2013), or they do not differentiate between intended and unintended audiences among their online friends. Stutzman, Gross, and Acquisti (2013) point out that 'silent listeners', such as service providers and third-party applications, are often not even considered as an audience in the first place.…”

Section: Q3 Is Informing Users Of Privacy Dangers Always a Good Thing?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-reflection on privacy research in social networking sites

Wolf

Vanderhoven

Berendt

et al. 2016

Behaviour & Information Technology

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The increasing popularity of social networking sites has been a source of many privacy concerns. To mitigate these concerns and empower users, different forms of educational and technological solutions have been developed. Developing and evaluating such solutions, however, cannot be considered a neutral process. Instead, it is socially bound and interwoven with norms and values of the researchers. In this contribution, we aim to make the research process and development of privacy solutions more transparent by highlighting questions that should be considered. (1) Which actors are involved in formulating the privacy problem? (2) Is privacy perceived as a human right or as a property right on one's data? (3) Is informing users of privacy dangers always a good thing? (4) Do we want to influence users' attitudes and behaviours? (5) Who is the target audience? We argue that these questions can help researchers to better comprehend their own perspective on privacy, that of others, and the influence of the solutions they are developing. In the discussion, we propose a procedure called 'tool clinics' for further practical implementations. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…In addition, Facebook users' perceptions of how many people can see the posts they create significantly underestimate the reach of the posts and the size of the actual audience (Bernstein, Bakshy, Burke, & Karrer, 2013). This happens because it is difficult for users to reason about people they are connected to in a social network through other people.…”

Section: Privacy In Online Social Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Imagined Audience and Privacy Concern on Facebook: Differences Between Producers and Consumers

Jung

Rader

2016

Social Media + Society

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Facebook users share information with others by creating posts and specifying who should be able to see each post. Once a user creates a post, those who see it have the ability to copy and re-share the information. But, if the reader has a different understanding of the information in the post than the creator intended, he or she may use the information in ways that are contrary to the intentions of the original creator. This study examined whether post creators (Producers) and readers (Consumers) who are Facebook Friends had similar levels of privacy concern regarding how others might use the information in specific posts, and how their privacy concern about the post varied by whether the imagined audience consisted of Friends, Friends of Friends, or the general Public. The results showed that both Producers and Consumers had similar levels of privacy concern about a post shared with an imagined audience of Friends versus Friends of Friends. However, Consumers believed posts were more private than the Producers themselves did, and showed more privacy concern. This shows that post Consumers care about Producers' privacy, perceive that they are co-owners of the information, and engage in boundary management with Producers.

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Quantifying the invisible audience in social networks

Cited by 283 publications

References 28 publications

Lurking and L2 Learners on a Facebook Group: The Voices of the Invisibles

Lurking and L2 Learners on a Facebook Group: The Voices of the Invisibles

Self-reflection on privacy research in social networking sites

The Imagined Audience and Privacy Concern on Facebook: Differences Between Producers and Consumers

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