Quantifying the impact of urban area expansion on groundwater recharge and surface runoff

Eshtawi, Tamer; Evers, Mariele; Tischbein, Bernhard

doi:10.1080/02626667.2014.1000916

Cited by 30 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Statistical analysis shows, with high confidence, that annual precipitation and recharge are normally distributed (i.e., the null hypothesis could not be rejected). Run-off was rather constant and small in all scenarios, comparable to measurements and run-off estimates for loessial sediments (Yair, 1990;Givati and Atzmon, 2009;Eshtawi et al, 2015). The soil water content showed pronounced annual fluctuations, which were superimposed on smooth, multiannual cycles.…”

Section: Water Balancementioning

confidence: 51%

“…The observed run-off from sandy loess soils in the region is very small (Yair, 1990;Givati and Atzmon, 2009;Eshtawi et al, 2015). For the entire catchment of the ephemeral Besor River, which is covered in large parts by sandy loess sediments, the run-off coefficient for 1985/6-2009/10, defined as % of annual precipitation, was only 1.3% (Givati and Atzmon, 2009).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, the low-conductivity layers containing 57-68% fines, with a median of 60% fines, can be classified as silt loam, loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam. Due to a lack of a further analysis of grain-size distribution, besides a general knowledge of the relatively low content of clay in the area's loess (Eshtawi et al, 2015), the final classification of the two soils was made based on the measured and calibrated van Genuchten parameters. The high sand content layer was denoted 'sandy loam' and the low sand content unit was denoted 'sandy clay loam' (Tables 1 and 2).…”

Section: Soil Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infiltration in layered loessial deposits: Revised numerical simulations and recharge assessment

Dafny

Šimůnek

2016

Journal of Hydrology

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s u m m a r yThe objective of this study is to assess recharge rates and their timing under layered loessial deposits at the edge of arid zones. Particularly, this study is focused on the case of the coastal plain of Israel and Gaza. First, results of a large-scale field infiltration test were used to calibrate the van Genuchten parameters of hydraulic properties of the loessial sediments using HYDRUS (2D/3D). Second, optimized soil hydraulic parameters were used by HYDRUS-1D to simulate the water balance of the sandy-loess sediments during a 25-year period for three environmental conditions: bare soil, and soil with both sparse and dense natural vegetation.The best inverse parameter optimization run fitted the infiltration test data with the RMSE of 0.27 d (with respect to a moisture front arrival) and R 2 of 96%. The calibrated model indicates that hydraulic conductivities of the two soil horizons, namely sandy loam and sandy clay loam, are 81 cm/d and 17.5 cm/d, respectively. These values are significantly lower than those previously reported, based on numerical simulations, for the same site. HYDRUS-1D simulation of natural recharge under bare soil resulted in recharge estimates (to the aquifer) in the range of 21-93 mm/yr, with an average recharge of 63 mm/yr. Annual precipitation in the same period varied between 100 and 300 mm/yr, with an average of 185 mm/yr. For semi-stabilized dunes, with 26% of the soil surface covered by local shrub (Artemisia monosperma), the mean annual recharge was 28 mm. For the stabilized landscape, with as much as 50% vegetation coverage, it was only 2-3 mm/yr. In other words, loessial sediments can either be a source of significant recharge, or of no recharge at all, depending on the degree of vegetative cover. Additionally, the time lag between specific rainy seasons and corresponding recharge events at a depth of 22 m, increased from 2.5 to 5 years, and to about 20 years, respectively, with an increasing vegetative cover. For this reason, and also likely due to a great depth of loessial sediments, no correlation was found between annual recharge and annual precipitations of the same year or subsequent years. Similarly, no differences were found between summer and winter recharge fluxes. Instead, numerical simulations indicated continuous year-round recharge of the aquifer. We conclude that the layered subsurface acts as a short-term (annual) and long-term (multi-annual) buffer to smooth sudden precipitation/infiltration events. Vegetation conditions can help in predicting long-term recharge rates (as percentage of annual precipitation), which in turn need to be considered when assigning recharge characteristics in regional assessments and models.

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Section: Water Balancementioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Soil Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infiltration in layered loessial deposits: Revised numerical simulations and recharge assessment

Dafny

Šimůnek

2016

Journal of Hydrology

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“…Indeed, EIA is of critical importance in how urban areas translate rainfall to runoff, where high percentages of EIA contribute to rapid proliferation of stormwater runoff into adjacent channels, resulting in an elevated flood risk to urban areas (Miller et al 2014). In the same study that assessed threshold impacts on infiltration, Eshtawi et al (2014) identified that a 1% increase in urban area yielded up to a 100% increase in runoff. Whilst the impact of impervious surfaces on runoff is relatively well understood, there remains a degree of uncertainty about the role of pervious areas within the urban environment.…”

Section: Surface Runoff Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of urbanisation on hydrological and water quality dynamics, and urban water management: a review

McGrane

2016

Hydrological Sciences Journal

530

203

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As urban space continues to expand to accommodate a growing global population, there remains a real need to quantify and qualify the impacts of urban space on natural processes. The expansion of global urban areas has resulted in marked alterations to natural processes, environmental quality and natural resource consumption. The urban landscape influences infiltration and evapotranspiration, complicating our capacity to quantify their dynamics across a heterogeneous landscape at contrasting scales. Impervious surfaces exacerbate runoff processes, whereas runoff from pervious areas remains uncertain owing to variable infiltration dynamics. Increasingly, the link between the natural hydrological cycle and engineered water cycle has been made, realising the contributions from leaky infrastructure to recharge and runoff rates. Urban landscapes are host to a suite of contaminants that impact on water quality, where novel contaminants continue to pose new challenges to monitoring and treatment regimes. This review seeks to assess the major advances and remaining challenges that remain within the growing field of urban hydrology. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…The previous studies estimated the range of rainfall recharge between 25 and 48 hm 3 /year, depending on the methodology used and the base year or period. The authors of this paper (Eshtawi et al 2015) performed a surface water modeling with surface water model (SWAT) to quantify the impact of urban area expansion on groundwater recharge and surface runoff. They developed a spatial distribution of percolation within the Gaza aquifer domain from 2004 to 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential impacts of urban area expansion on groundwater level in the Gaza Strip: a spatial-temporal assessment

Eshtawi¹,

Evers

Tischbein³

2015

Arab J Geosci

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In this study, a 3-D groundwater flow model was developed using MODFLOW-USG to investigate the groundwater levels within the Gaza coastal aquifer. Recharge estimation is based on a comprehensive approach including the connection to a surface water model (SWAT) for determining percolation from rainfall as well as detailed approaches regarding further recharge components. An unstructured grid (Voronoi cells) generated by MODFLOW-USG engine was used to reduce run time within complicated aquifer boundary conditions. The results indicate a very good fit between measured and simulated heads. Long-term forecasting of the groundwater levels was carried out as an essential step to support realistic and sustainable water resources planning and decision making. The increasing built-up area was linked to the potential impacts of urban expansion relating to water supply quantities and groundwater recharge components. The percolation was reduced temporally and spatially in the forecasting period based on the projected built-up area as well as an urban-percolation index. Considering the current management situation, the annual groundwater level correlated negatively with the increasing built-up area; the regression line slope was −0.056 m/km 2 for the average groundwater levels while it became steeper at −0.23 m/km 2 in sensitive locations in the southern part of the Gaza Strip. The groundwater level trend index was developed as a spatial indicator for the appropriate management alternatives that can achieve less negative trend index.

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Quantifying the impact of urban area expansion on groundwater recharge and surface runoff

Cited by 30 publications

References 26 publications

Infiltration in layered loessial deposits: Revised numerical simulations and recharge assessment

Infiltration in layered loessial deposits: Revised numerical simulations and recharge assessment

Impacts of urbanisation on hydrological and water quality dynamics, and urban water management: a review

Potential impacts of urban area expansion on groundwater level in the Gaza Strip: a spatial-temporal assessment

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