Quantifying the Iceberg Effect for Injury

Sahai, Vic; Ward, Mary S.; Zmijowskyj, Tim; Rowe, Brian H.

doi:10.1007/bf03404025

Cited by 17 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Studies in the same country still showed higher rates of injury among children and adolescents seen in the outpatient/emergency departments. For example, the injury pyramid ratio for children who were ≤10 years old and came from Alberta, Canada, was 1:73:1612 [45] , and the injury pyramid ratio for children who were ≥12 years old and came from Ontario, Canada, was 1:25:363 [46] . Fatal injuries were at the top of the injury pyramid, but minor nonfatal injuries were more common in children and adolescents than adults, and the burden of minor nonfatal injuries cannot be ignored.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The injury mechanisms and injury pyramids among children and adolescents in Zhuhai City, China

Yin

Dai

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The unclear mechanisms and severity of injuries in the injury pyramids for Chinese children and adolescents prevent the prioritization of interventions. This study aimed to describe the injury mechanisms and injury pyramids in this population to provide a priority for injury prevention strategies. Methods: Death, hospitalization, and outpatient/emergency department visit data from patients aged 0~17 years with injuries were obtained from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2017, in Zhuhai City, China. The injury mechanism ratios were calculated, and the injury pyramid ratios were drawn in proportion using injury mortality and the incidence of both injury hospitalizations and outpatient/emergency department injury visits. Results: The top three mechanisms for injuries in children and adolescents treated in outpatient/emergency departments were falls (52.02%), animal bites (14.57%), and blunt injuries (10.60%). The top three mechanisms for injury hospitalizations were falls (37.33%), road traffic injuries (17.87%), and fire/burns (14.29%), while the top three mechanisms for injury deaths were drowning (32.91%), road traffic injuries (20.25%) and falls (13.92%). The incidence rate of outpatient/emergency department injury visits for children and adolescents was 11,210.87/100,000; the incidence rate of injury hospitalization was 627.09/100,000, and the injury death rate was 10.70/100,000. For each injury death, there were 59 injury hospitalizations and 1,047 outpatient/emergency injury visits. Conclusions: The injury mechanisms were different for injury-related outpatient/emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths among children and adolescents. The injury mechanisms by sex at different stages of child development, and interventions should be formulated based on this finding. The ratios of the injury pyramids varied by age, sex, region, and injury mechanisms; minor nonfatal injuries were more common in children and adolescents. The differences in the severity and extent of the injuries suggested that injury interventions in children and adolescents still have a long way to go.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The injury mechanisms and injury pyramids among children and adolescents in Zhuhai City, China

Yin

Dai

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Studies in the same country still showed a higher rate of injury among children and adolescents seen in the outpatient/emergency departments. For example, the injury pyramid ratio for children who were ≤ 10 years old and came from Alberta, Canada, was 1: 73: 1612 [45] , and the injury pyramid ratio for children who were ≥ 12 years old and came from Ontario, Canada, was 1: 25: 363 [46] . Fatal injuries were at the top of the injury pyramid, but minor nonfatal injuries were more common in children and adolescents than adults, and the burden of minor nonfatal injuries cannot be ignored.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The injury mechanism spectra and injury pyramids among children and adolescents in Zhuhai City, China

Yin

Dai

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The unclear spectra and severity of injuries in the injury pyramids for Chinese children and adolescents prevent the prioritization interventions. This study aimed to describe the injury mechanism spectra and injury pyramids in this population to provide a priority for injury prevention strategies.Methods: Death, hospitalization, and outpatient/emergency department visit data from patients aged 0~17 years with injuries were obtained from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2017, in Zhuhai City, China. The injury mechanism ratios were calculated, and the injury pyramids were drawn in proportion by using injury mortality and the incidence of both injury hospitalizations and outpatient/emergency department injury visits.Results: The top three mechanisms for injuries in children and adolescents seen in outpatient/emergency departments were falls (52.02%), animal bites (14.57%), and blunt injuries (10.60%). The top three mechanisms for injury hospitalizations were falls (37.33%), road traffic injuries (17.87%), and fire/burns (14.29%), while the top three mechanisms for injury deaths were drowning (32.91%), road traffic injuries (20.25%) and falls (13.92%). The incidence rate of outpatient/emergency department injury visits for children and adolescents was 11210.87/100,000; the incidence rate of injury hospitalization was 627.09/100,000, and the injury death rate was 10.70/100,000. For each injury death, there were 59 injury hospitalizations and 1,047 outpatient/emergency injury visits.Conclusions: The injury spectra were different for injury-related outpatient/emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths among children and adolescents. The different sexes had different injury spectra at different stages of child development, and interventions should be formulated based on this finding. The size and shape of the injury pyramids varied by age, sex, region, and injury mechanisms; minor nonfatal injuries were more common in children and adolescents. The differences in the severity and extent of the injuries suggested that injury interventions in Chinese children and adolescents still have a long way to go.

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Injury Control Research in Canada

Pickett

2005

Can J Public Health

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Quantifying the Iceberg Effect for Injury

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

The injury mechanisms and injury pyramids among children and adolescents in Zhuhai City, China

The injury mechanisms and injury pyramids among children and adolescents in Zhuhai City, China

The injury mechanism spectra and injury pyramids among children and adolescents in Zhuhai City, China

Injury Control Research in Canada

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