Quantifying the effects of stream habitat on populations of breeding Pacific salmon

Nelson, Michelle C.; Hocking, Morgan D.; Harding, Jennifer N.; Reynolds, John D.

doi:10.1139/cjfas-2014-0253

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…The distributions of live pink and chum salmon were mediated by stream size, with the two species diverging in spawning distributions as stream size increased. Although these salmon species share similar spawning habitat requirements (Nelson et al, 2015), larger chum salmon may not be as limited in terms of suitable spawning habitat types. The larger size of chum salmon may enable them to access and successfully spawn in reaches with more variable discharge (Neave, 1966a), higher water velocities (Hale et al, 1985;Raleigh and Nelson, 1985), and larger spawning-substrate sizes (Hunter, 1959;DeVries, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape Structure and Species Interactions Drive the Distribution of Salmon Carcasses in Coastal Watersheds

Harding

Field

et al. 2019

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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The disproportionate effects of some species can drive ecosystem processes and shape communities. This study investigates how distributions of spawning Pacific salmon within streams, salmon consumers, and the surrounding landscape mediate the distribution of salmon carcasses to riparian forests and estuaries. This work demonstrates how carcass transfer can vary spatially, within and among watersheds, through differences in pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum (O. keta) salmon distributions within 16 streams on the central coast of British Columbia over a five-year period. Spawning pink salmon concentrated in the lower reaches of all streams, whereas chum salmon shifted from lower to upper stream reaches as the area of spawning habitat increased. Salmon carcasses transferred to riparian areas by gray wolves (Canis lupus) were concentrated in estuaries and lower stream reaches, particularly shallow reaches of larger streams surrounded by large meadow expanses. Black and grizzly bears (Ursus americanus and U. arctos) transferred higher numbers and proportions of salmon carcasses to riparian areas compared to wolves, transferred more carcasses in areas of higher spawning density, and tended to focus more on chum salmon. Riparian subsides were increasingly driven by bear-chum salmon associations in upper stream reaches. In addition, lower proportions of salmon carcasses were exported into estuaries when densities of spawning salmon were lower and spawning reaches of streams were longer. This study demonstrates how salmon subsidies vary between and within watersheds as a result of species associations and landscape traits, and provides a nuanced species-specific and spatially explicit understanding of salmon-subsidy dynamics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape Structure and Species Interactions Drive the Distribution of Salmon Carcasses in Coastal Watersheds

Harding

Field

et al. 2019

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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“…Fukushima and Smoker (1998) suggested pink salmon spawned in shallower, steeper and faster flowing reaches than sockeye, but stopped short of concluding that this was a preference. Nelson et al (2015) suggested pink salmon spawning density was negatively related to riparian slope and positively related to woody debris in the river. Ultimately, pink salmon appear to pick spawning areas where interstitial gravel is well‐oxygenated.…”

Section: Synthesizing Pink Salmon Knowledge Between Pacific and Atlanticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for the future of pink salmon in three oceans: From the native Pacific to the novel Arctic and Atlantic

et al. 2023

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While populations of other migratory salmonids suffer in the Anthropocene, pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbusca Salmonidae) are thriving, and their distribution is expanding both within their natural range and in the Atlantic and Arctic following introduction of the species to the White Sea in the 1950s. Pink salmon are now rapidly spreading in Europe and even across the ocean to North America. Large numbers of pink salmon breed in Norwegian rivers and small numbers of individuals have been captured throughout the North Atlantic since 2017. Although little is known about the biology and ecology of the pink salmon in its novel distribution, the impacts of the species' introduction are potentially highly significant for native species and watershed productivity. Contrasts between pink salmon in the native and extended ranges will be key to navigating management strategies for Atlantic nations where the pink salmon is entrenching itself among the fish fauna, posing potential threats to native fish communities. One key conclusion of this paper is that the species' heritable traits are rapidly selected and drive local adaptation and evolution. Within the Atlantic region, this may facilitate further establishment and spread. The invasion of pink salmon in the Atlantic basin is ultimately a massive ecological experiment and one of the first examples of a major faunal change in the North Atlantic Ocean that is already undergoing rapid changes due to other anthropogenic stressors. New research is urgently needed to understand the role and potential future impacts of pink salmon in Atlantic ecosystems.

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Integrated habitat monitoring of environmental features to site the releasing of cultivated Oncorhynchus masou formosanus

Kuan

Chen

Yeh

et al. 2019

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The Formosan landlocked salmon (Oncorhynchus masou formosanus), an endangered species, had ever inhabited in the upper branches of stream Da-Chia of Taiwan in 1940s. However, the distribution of the salmon gradually declined and was only observed in stream Chi-Chia-Wan and stream Kao-Shan in last decades. Shei-Pa National Park has ever devoted to restoring the salmon and releasing the cultivated breeds into several historic rivers. Therefore, a comprehensive and systematic monitoring and assessment of the habitat candidates is indispensable to gain the successful propagation of released salmon. This study presents a methodology for determining the optimal juveniles’ releasing sites in association with the water quality and channel’s physical features. Five historic inhabiting streams with nine monitoring sites for cultivated breeds release were selected. Three reference sites were chosen as various levels, i.e. the best, the mild interfered, and the worst circumstance for the salmon, to evaluate the candidate sites. The three reference sites located in the stream where the Formosan salmon could naturally propagate. The results indicated that the overall habitat quality of stream Lo-Ye-Wei (potential releasing site Y#1) was superior to the other sites. The increase of fish population in the Lo-Ye-Wei was significant with a total of 1269 fish in 2012 over 2.5 times the amount of 519 fish in 2011. This significant boost of salmon population in Lo-Ye-Wei indicated that the siting strategy proposed in this study is feasible for the salmon release.

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Quantifying the effects of stream habitat on populations of breeding Pacific salmon

Cited by 5 publications

References 36 publications

Landscape Structure and Species Interactions Drive the Distribution of Salmon Carcasses in Coastal Watersheds

Landscape Structure and Species Interactions Drive the Distribution of Salmon Carcasses in Coastal Watersheds

Prospects for the future of pink salmon in three oceans: From the native Pacific to the novel Arctic and Atlantic

Integrated habitat monitoring of environmental features to site the releasing of cultivated Oncorhynchus masou formosanus

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