Quantifying Spanish tourism's carbon footprint: the contributions of residents and visitors: a longitudinal study

Cadarso, María‐Ángeles; Gómez, Nuria; Santiago, Luis Antonio López; Gómez, María Ángeles Tobarra; Zafrilla, Jorge

doi:10.1080/09669582.2015.1008497

Cited by 79 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Using the panel data of European countries, Arbulú et al [11] support the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis and suggest that there is a significant relationship between tourism and waste generation. Examining the impact of domestic and foreign tourist on the CO 2 emission in Spain, Cadarso et al [12] found that tourism is a major contributor to carbon emission and both domestic and internationals trips enhances the carbon emission level. The imports of oil and air travel foster the emission and total augmentation increased up to 100 percent in Spain.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tourism and Environmental Pollution: Evidence from the One Belt One Road Provinces of Western China

et al. 2018

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The rapid economic development of China and the industrial shift from its eastern to western provinces have resulted in significant negative impacts on the environment. Recently, tourism has emerged as an alternative for economic and environmental development, but it is a double-edged sword. Without the required measures to protect environment, the opportunity cost of tourism is environmental degradation. The western part of China holds a significant advantage for the development of travel and tourism (T&T), due to One Belt One Road (OBOR), unique ancient culture and spectacular variety of natural scenic spots. This region is among the less explored and less developed, but important, parts of China. Taking this point into consideration, this paper aims to examine the impact of tourism on the environmental pollution of five provinces located in the heart of OBOR over the period of 1991–2016. To explore this link, we used the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) approach and Gregory-Hansen test for robustness check. We applied the Zivot-Andrews unit root test to deal with structural breaks in data. Our results confirm a negative impact of tourism on environment for Ningxia, Qinghai, Gansu, and Shanxi. However, tourism improves the environmental quality of Xinjiang. The negative impact of energy consumption and GDP growth is significant than tourism. Our findings suggest that the relationship varies for different provinces in the same region depending on the specific provincial features and government policies. Furthermore, tourism development has great potential to improve the economic and environmental sustainability in these provinces.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tourism and Environmental Pollution: Evidence from the One Belt One Road Provinces of Western China

et al. 2018

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“…Such an analytical framework would be relatively complete. In addition, TCF analysis should include both direct and indirect impacts [48,49], and some studies [20,21,27,50] have followed this principle. However, some assessments [51,52] have been restricted to direct carbon emissions and have excluded indirect emissions, causing inaccurate results.…”

Section: Analytical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Against this background, TCF analysis focuses on environmental issues caused by large-scale tourism, particularly its energy consumption and CO 2 emissions (defined as the amount of CO 2-eq emissions caused directly and indirectly by tourism activity), which have been widely researched at various scales, such as analyses for the countries of New Zealand [18], Sweden [19], Australia [20], Spain [21,22], Iceland [23], and China [24][25][26]; the regions of Taiwan [27][28][29], Wales [30], and Poole [31]; and even the scenic locations of the Penghu Islands [32] and Huangshan National Park [33]. TCF analysis excels at assessing the impact of tourism greenhouse gas emissions on climate change and identifying the contribution of tourism carbon emissions to climate change at the global scale, which has become a key research field.…”

Section: Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and Prospects for Tourism Footprint Research

Wang

Yi-yuan

et al. 2017

Sustainability

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Abstract:The tourism footprint family comprises the tourism ecological footprint (TEF), the tourism carbon footprint (TCF) and the tourism water footprint (TWF). The tourism footprint represents an important tool for quantitatively assessing the impact of tourism activities on the ecosystem of a tourist destination. This paper systematically reviews the relevant literature on TEF, TCF and TWF, analyses and summarizes the main progress and failures in the analytical frameworks, research methods, measurement results, environmental impacts and reductions in the tourism footprint. This paper also proposes areas for further developing the tourism footprint research, including unifying the analytical frameworks and boundaries of the tourism footprint, distinguishing the geographical scope of the tourism footprint effectively, improving the process of analyzing the environmental impact of the tourism footprint, measuring the tourism footprint scientifically and roundly, performing space-time calculations of the tourism footprint, and expanding the tourism footprint family by introducing new members. Accordingly, this paper is devoted to the continued study of the tourism footprint.

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“…We acknowledge the relevance of considering the impact on other countries of the Spanish productive behavior according to its international economic relations. In this sense, there are several interesting investigations from this perspective on Spain, such as Sánchez‐Chóliz and Duarte (), Arto, Roca, and Serrano (), López, Arce, and Zafrilla (), and Cadarso, Gómez, López, Tobarra, and Zafrilla (), among others. However, our intention was to provide a first approach of our alternative analysis from a purely territorial perspective.…”

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confidence: 99%

Key sectors in greenhouse gas emissions in Spain: An alternative input–output analysis

Escolano

Padilla

2019

J of Industrial Ecology

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We develop an alternative input-output approach and apply it to the determination of key sectors in emissions. This methodology allows us to assess and classify the different productive sectors according to their greenhouse gas emissions and the role that they play in the productive structure, as well as the participation of their output in the total volume of production. In contrast with previous approaches, we do not focus on the responsibility of final demand, but on the responsibility of the total production of each sector. We apply our methodology to the 2014 input-output table for Spain provided by the World Input-Output Database (2016). The results show that the sectors that induce more emissions from other sectors are manufacture of food products, wholesale and retail trade, and construction. Those that are pulled to emit coincide with those that are relevant for their own final demand, being the most important electricity and gas provision, agriculture, and transportation. The classification obtained allows to orient the design of greenhouse gas emission mitigation policies for the different sectors. K E Y W O R D S greenhouse gas emissions, industrial ecology, input-output, key sectors, production structure, Spain 1 INTRODUCTION According to the Kyoto protocol and the internal allocation of emission objectives within the European Union, the annual average of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of Spain in the period 2008-2012 should have not been above a 15% increase of the 1990 emissions (taking into account the CO 2 equivalent aggregate of the six gases considered by the protocol: CO 2 , N 2 O, CH 4 , HFCs, PFCs, and SF 6 ) (Commission Decision 2006/944/EC, European Commission [EC], 2006). The emissions of Spain for the base year of the protocol were 289.7 Mt, while the average annual emissions from 2008 to 2012 amounted to 360.0 Mt, a 24.5% increase over the base year. The emissions increased well above the objective and the protocol was only fulfilled thanks to the use of the flexibility mechanisms (EEA, 2017). Moreover, if it were not for the economic crisis, the mismatch wouldhave been significantly worse.The peak in emissions occurred in 2007, while the fall in economic activity since 2008 involved quite a drastic reduction in emissions (Figure 1).Emissions fell to their minimum in 2013, when they were even below the emission level objectives of the protocol for 2008-2012. However, the economic recovery that began in 2014 led to an increase in emissions that continued in 2015, again exceeding the protocol objectives. In 2015, emissions amounted to 335,661.5 kt of CO 2 equivalent and represented an increase of 3.5% over the previous year, while GDP grew by 3.2%. The key element for this expansion of emissions was the generation of electricity in thermal power stations (Observatorio de la Sostenibilidad, 2016).The EU has proposed a plan to reduce emissions that involves a 20% reduction of 2005 levels for the year 2020. The plan shows two paths for reduction. There is a difference between the sectors sub...

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Quantifying Spanish tourism's carbon footprint: the contributions of residents and visitors: a longitudinal study

Cited by 79 publications

References 39 publications

Tourism and Environmental Pollution: Evidence from the One Belt One Road Provinces of Western China

Tourism and Environmental Pollution: Evidence from the One Belt One Road Provinces of Western China

Progress and Prospects for Tourism Footprint Research

Key sectors in greenhouse gas emissions in Spain: An alternative input–output analysis

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