Quantifying silicone oil emulsification in patients: are we only seeing the tip of the iceberg?

Chan, Yau Kei; Cheung, Ning; Chan, Wing Suet Catherine; Wong, David

doi:10.1007/s00417-014-2866-1

Cited by 38 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Using the method reported by Chan et al [9], we collected the first 2 mL of washout fluid after the SO was removed, and using a Multisizer ® 3 Coulter counter, (Beckman Coulter, USA) the size and number of droplets in the washout were measured. e Multisizer ® simultaneously counts and measures the size of individual particles, and to ensure our method was comparable with that used by Chan et al [9], this time particles ranging in diameter from 1 to 12 μm were measured. e values for each sample represent the mean of three consecutive measurements.…”

Section: Particle Collection and Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To explore the correlation between emulsification and these complications, a reliable method was needed to quantify the degree of SO emulsification. Recently, Chan et al [9,10] studied SO emulsification using a Multisizer ® Coulter counter (Beckman Coulter, USA). e system can measure the size of nonconducting particles suspended in a fluid based on Coulter's principle [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, several different types of Coulter counters are used to measure blood cells in clinical settings [13]. Chan et al [9] used the Multisizer ® Coulter counter to measure SO droplets, most of which were <2 μm in diameter. However, none has measured the number of SO droplets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Silicone Oil Emulsification after Vitrectomy for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment

Zong

Jiang

et al. 2020

Journal of Ophthalmology

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is properly cited.Purpose. To investigate the characteristics of silicone oil (SO) emulsification after vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and their possible correlations with clinical factors. Methods. e first 2 mL of washing out fluid after SO removal was collected, and used for the measurement of the size and number of SO droplets using a Multisizer ® 3 Coulter counter (Beckman Coulter, USA). e correlations between SO droplets and clinical factors were analyzed. Results. A total of 38 patients (23 males, 15 females) who underwent primary PPV with SO injection for RRD and whose retina stayed attached for ≥3 months after SO removal were included in the study. e average number of oil droplets was 1.96 × 10 6 ± 3.95 × 10 6 /mL (range 0.17 × 10 6 to 21.71 × 10 6 /ml), and 80.8% (range 64.23%-99.07%) of the droplets were 1-2 μm in diameter. e total number of emulsified SO droplets was not correlated with any clinical factor (all P > 0.05). When the emulsified SO droplets were divided into groups by their diameter, multiple linear regression revealed that age was negatively correlated with the numbers of 5-7-μm-diameter and 7-12-μm-diameter droplets (both P < 0.05). Patients using antiglaucoma medications had more 5-7-μm-diameter and 7-12-μmdiameter droplets than those not using (all P < 0.05). Conclusion. Using a Multisizer ® Coulter counter, we successfully determined the number and size of SO droplets after emulsification. We found that the number of 5-12-μm-diameter droplets was higher in younger-age patients and was higher in patients using antiglaucoma eyedrops.

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Section: Particle Collection and Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Silicone Oil Emulsification after Vitrectomy for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment

Zong

Jiang

et al. 2020

Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…This is because emulsified droplets are on average too small to be seen (Chan et al. , ). Numerous factors, including shear viscosity of SiO (Nakamura et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SiO-related complications also occurred in the absence of clinical observable emulsification (Watzke 1967). This is because emulsified droplets are on average too small to be seen (Chan et al 2015a(Chan et al , 2017. Numerous factors, including shear viscosity of SiO (Nakamura et al 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amphiphilic additives in silicone oil tamponade and emulsification: an eye‐on‐a‐chip study

Chan

Lau

et al. 2019

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Aims Recently, chemically modified silicone oil has been demonstrated as a reservoir for sustained release of intraocular drugs, many of which might be amphiphilic in nature. In this work, we study the effect of amphiphilic additives in silicone oil on emulsification under eye‐like movements. Methods Three silicone‐oil‐soluble surfactants, namely DC749, MQ1640 and FZ2233, were used as model amphiphilic additives. The change of viscosity was measured by a rheometer in the cone‐and‐plate geometry. The interfacial tension (IFT) between silicone oil and model aqueous phase was measured by pendant drop tensiometry. Emulsification of silicone oil was induced by simulated saccadic eye movements on a cell‐coated eye‐on‐a‐chip platform for 4 days. The number of emulsified silicone oil droplets observed in the aqueous phase was assessed daily by optical microscopy. Results Significantly more emulsified droplets were formed in silicone oil with DC749 or MQ1640 (P < 0.05). However, such increase was not directly related to the change in IFT nor viscosity. Moreover, water droplets were also found in the silicone oil, but not in the control silicone oil without additive. Conclusions The amphiphilic substances in silicone oil promoted emulsification. Besides typical oil‐in‐water drops that normally affect the eye, water‐in‐oil drops were also formed. Before silicone oil could be considered as a vehicle for drug delivery, the nature of the drug and its possible effect on emulsification and therefore on the pharmacokinetics needs to be investigated. An additional concern is that water‐in‐oil droplets in the eye would affect the optical clarity of silicone oil and might cause visual symptoms.

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Evaluation of emulsified silicone oil with spectral domain-optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography

et al. 2020

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Quantifying silicone oil emulsification in patients: are we only seeing the tip of the iceberg?

Cited by 38 publications

References 20 publications

Silicone Oil Emulsification after Vitrectomy for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment

Silicone Oil Emulsification after Vitrectomy for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment

Amphiphilic additives in silicone oil tamponade and emulsification: an eye‐on‐a‐chip study

Evaluation of emulsified silicone oil with spectral domain-optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography

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