Quantifying seasonal precipitation using high-resolution carbon isotope analyses in evergreen wood

Schubert, Brian A.; Jahren, A. Hope

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2011.08.002

Cited by 27 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…3a), with similar δ 13 C values at either end of a growth ring and a peak δ 13 C value near the middle of a growth ring (Barbour et al 2002;Schubert & Jahren 2011;fig. 1A of Gulbranson & Ryberg 2013).…”

Section: Geochemical Inference Of Leaf Habitmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Only in the last decade, however, have high-resolution (more than three measurements per ring) isotope analyses been completed on single growth rings in modern trees (e.g. Barbour et al 2002;Helle & Schleser 2004;Poussart et al 2004;Skomarkova et al 2006;Ohashi et al 2009;Schubert & Jahren 2011) and sub-fossil wood (Jahren & Sternberg 2003Schubert et al 2012). The high-resolution sampling of growth rings reveals changes in the δ 13 C value of wood throughout a growing season that correspond to intra-ring patterns that are reproducible from year to year and reproducible between different species that share similar leaf longevity (Helle & Schleser 2004).…”

Section: Geochemical Inference Of Leaf Habitmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Leaf habit of Late PermianGlossopteristrees from high-palaeolatitude forests

Gulbranson

Ryberg

Decombeix

et al. 2014

JGS

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Abstract:The leaf longevity of trees, deciduous or evergreen, plays an important role in climate feedbacks and plant ecology. in modern forests of the high latitudes, evergreen trees dominate; however, the fossil record indicates that deciduous vegetation dominated during some previous warm intervals. We show, through an integration of palaeobotanical techniques and isotope geochemistry of trees in one of the earliest polar forests (Late Permian, c. 260 Ma, Antarctica), that the arborescent glossopterid taxa were both deciduous and evergreen, with a greater abundance of evergreen trees occurring in the studied forests. These new findings suggest the possibility that deciduousness was a plastic trait in ancient polar plants, and that deciduous plants, migrating poleward from lower latitudes, were probably better adapted to high-disturbance areas in environments that were light-limited.

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Section: Geochemical Inference Of Leaf Habitmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Geochemical Inference Of Leaf Habitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf habit of Late PermianGlossopteristrees from high-palaeolatitude forests

Gulbranson

Ryberg

Decombeix

et al. 2014

JGS

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“…Environmental changes on the policy-relevant timescale of global warming include increasing atmospheric CO 2 , climate change, and increasing nitrogen deposition. Tree-ring δ 13 C records capture the influence of local climate variability with measured δ 13 C variations used to reconstruct, for example, fluctuations in temperature (Treydte et al, 2009;Sidorova et al, 2013), precipitation (Schubert and Jahren, 2011), or cloud cover Young et al, 2012).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

20th century changes in carbon isotopes and water-use efficiency: tree-ring-based evaluation of the CLM4.5 and LPX-Bern models

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Measurements of the stable carbon isotope ratio (δ 13 C) on annual tree rings offer new opportunities to evaluate mechanisms of variations in photosynthesis and stomatal conductance under changing CO 2 and climate conditions, especially in conjunction with process-based biogeochemical model simulations. The isotopic discrimination is indicative of the ratio between the CO 2 partial pressure in the intercellular cavities and the atmosphere (c i /c a ) and of the ratio of assimilation to stomatal conductance, termed intrinsic wateruse efficiency (iWUE). We performed isotope-enabled simulations over the industrial period with the land biosphere module (CLM4.5) of the Community Earth System Model and the Land Surface Processes and Exchanges (LPX-Bern) dynamic global vegetation model. Results for C3 tree species show good agreement with a global compilation of δ 13 C measurements on leaves, though modeled 13 C discrimination by C3 trees is smaller in arid regions than measured. A compilation of 76 tree-ring records, mainly from Europe, boreal Asia, and western North America, suggests on average small 20th century changes in isotopic discrimination and in c i /c a and an increase in iWUE of about 27 % since 1900. LPXBern results match these century-scale reconstructions, supporting the idea that the physiology of stomata has evolved to optimize trade-offs between carbon gain by assimilation and water loss by transpiration. In contrast, CLM4.5 simulates an increase in discrimination and in turn a change in iWUE that is almost twice as large as that revealed by the tree-ring data. Factorial simulations show that these changes are mainly in response to rising atmospheric CO 2 . The results suggest that the downregulation of c i /c a and of photosynthesis by nitrogen limitation is possibly too strong in the standard setup of CLM4.5 or that there may be problems associated with the implementation of conductance, assimilation, and related adjustment processes on long-term environmental changes.

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“…1). The number of trees, growth rings, subsamples, and measurements per ring we analyzed here exceeded the median numbers analyzed in 11 previous studies of modern trees (n = 2 trees, n = 16 growth rings, n = 84 subsamples, n = 9 measurements per ring; calculated from Table 2 within Schubert and Jahren, 2011 on June 3, 2015 geology.gsapubs.org Downloaded from by hand using a razor blade into 30-78 μm increments (Table 2) to determine bulk δ 13 C values across each tree ring (see the Data Repository). The number of δ 13 C measurements per ring measured here (n = 41) represents signifi cantly higher resolution than our previous work on Eocene fossil wood (n = 9; Jahren and Sternberg, 2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 52%

A summertime rainy season in the Arctic forests of the Eocene

Schubert

Jahren

Eberle

et al. 2012

Geology

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The discovery of exceptionally well-preserved fossil wood revealed that extensive forests existed north of the Arctic Circle during the Eocene (ca. 45-55 Ma). Subsequent paleobotanical studies led researchers to suggest eastern Asia as a modern analog, based on the distribution of nearest living relatives. During the last decade, proxybased reconstructions of mean annual paleoprecipitation, productivity, and relative humidity have led workers to characterize the climate of the Arctic forests as similar to today's temperate forests of the Pacifi c Northwest. Using a new model, we reconstructed the seasonal timing of paleoprecipitation from high-resolution intra-ring carbon isotope measurements of fossil wood. We showed that the Eocene Arctic forests experienced, on average, 3.1 times more precipitation during summer than winter, entirely dissimilar to the Pacifi c Northwest where summer precipitation is only one-half to one-sixth of the winter precipitation. This new result shows that although mean annual climate conditions may have been similar to the mean annual conditions the Pacifi c Northwest, consideration of seasonality implies that the temperate forests of eastern Asia represent the best overall modern analog for the Eocene Arctic forests.

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Quantifying seasonal precipitation using high-resolution carbon isotope analyses in evergreen wood

Cited by 27 publications

References 107 publications

Leaf habit of Late PermianGlossopteristrees from high-palaeolatitude forests

Leaf habit of Late PermianGlossopteristrees from high-palaeolatitude forests

20th century changes in carbon isotopes and water-use efficiency: tree-ring-based evaluation of the CLM4.5 and LPX-Bern models

A summertime rainy season in the Arctic forests of the Eocene

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