Quantifying Landscape and Social Amenities as Ecosystem Services in Rapidly Changing Peri-Urban Landscape

Abstract

The peri-urban landscape is a highly dynamic area between the urban zone and the rural belt. The heterogeneous natural landscape around the cities provides several ecosystem services, but progressive urbanization affects it and results in the loss of biodiversity, greenery, and related benefits. This study attempts to quantify the social amenities associated with ecosystem services in the peri-urban landscape of the Gujrat district, in Pakistan, by using the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) The results show that the peri-urban landscape provides amenities for the well-being of the community. Such amenities and the related recreational opportunities represent ecosystem services that are highly regarded by the residents, so much so that a significant willingness to pay can be associated with them. Therefore, this study highlights that natural areas and green areas’ landscapes must be taken into account when facing the social and economic necessity to provide for city expansion in developing countries, especially when aiming to achieve development in alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals. The ecosystem services and their evaluation are confirmed as indispensable tools for conservation and fortification of landscape development.

Assessing the Level of Urban Sustainability in the Capital of Pakistan: A Social Analysis Applied through Multiple Linear Regression

“…Sustainable urban development ensures economic prosperity and growth, social security and equity, health, ecosystem, and justice for all citizens of an area [42]. This can only be possible by adopting environmentally friendly strategic approaches to reduce the negative impacts of human activities on society and their dependency on nature and the ecosystem.…”

Leveraging Ecosystem Services and Well-Being in Urban Landscape Planning for Nature Conservation: A Case Study of Peri-Urban Dynamics

“…Studies in Sweden, Slovenia and Scotland suggest that peri-urban areas provide important urban ESs attracting many visitors when green spaces are in close proximity [20,21]. Other ES benefits include air pollution control in Italy [22], aesthetic services in Barcelona [23], and community well-being in Pakistan [24]. Moreover, Chinese studies identify critical ecosystem service hotspots in rapidly urbanising areas, contributing to environmental planning efforts [25,26].…”