Quantifying injury and predicting outcome after trauma

Forensic pathological evaluation of injury severity and fatal outcome in traffic accidents: five illustrative autopsy cases of clinically unexpected death

“…These numerical systems were revised for application to other injuries, and are now widely used in clinical setting and also in forensic casework for postmortem documentation of trauma at autopsy [3]. The TRISS method in consideration of physiological parameters is clinically useful for evaluating trauma care [4][5][6]. In the clinical setting, however, these numerical systems may entirely depend on radiographic imaging Wndings, and may poorly reXect the severity of injury, especially that of internal injury with vascular and/or visceral involvement.…”

“…For this purpose, the abbreviated injury scale (AIS) and injury severity score (ISS) for anatomical evaluation are widely used in both forensic and clinical medicine [1][2][3][4]. The AIS attributes a score from 1 to 6 for each individual injury (1, minor; 2, moderate; 3, serious; 4, severe; 5, critical; and 6, fatal), while the ISS reXects the whole body injury.…”

“…The AIS attributes a score from 1 to 6 for each individual injury (1, minor; 2, moderate; 3, serious; 4, severe; 5, critical; and 6, fatal), while the ISS reXects the whole body injury. The ISS is calculated from AIS scores, and demonstrates good correlation with outcome in terms of survival or death [4,5]. From the clinical aspect of trauma care, the trauma and injury severity score (TRISS), calculated by considering physiological parameters on arrival at a medical institution and the subject's age, is often used [5,6].…”

“…From the clinical aspect of trauma care, the trauma and injury severity score (TRISS), calculated by considering physiological parameters on arrival at a medical institution and the subject's age, is often used [5,6]. Using this method, probability of survival (P s ) is calculated, and the patients who die with a P s > 0.5 are regarded as unexpected deaths [4][5][6]. However, this term does not necessarily equate with mistreatment or medical negligence [4].…”

“…Using this method, probability of survival (P s ) is calculated, and the patients who die with a P s > 0.5 are regarded as unexpected deaths [4][5][6]. However, this term does not necessarily equate with mistreatment or medical negligence [4].…”