Quantifying Dry Rubber Content in Latex Solution Using an Ultrasonic Pulse

Kerdtongmee, Pansak; Pumdaung, C.; Danworaphong, Sorasak

doi:10.2478/msr-2014-0034

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The rubber clone preferred by farmers in the south of Thailand was RRIM 600, having an average yield of ~1.8 ton/ha/year. The percentage of dry rubber content (DRC) in the fresh latex is about 30-40% (Kerdtongmee et al 2014). Land preparation was normally carried out using a tillage tractor after collecting rubberwood residues from the previous plantation.…”

Section: Fresh Latex Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the potential environmental impacts of condom production in Thailand

Jawjit

Pavasant²,

Kroeze

et al. 2021

Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences

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This study aims to analyse the potential environmental impact of natural rubber (NR) condoms over its entire life cycle. The environmental performance of the production process of NR condoms is also compared to that of synthetic polyisoprene (PI) condoms. Options to reduce the environmental impact of condom production are proposed and evaluated. The potential environmental impacts are quantified by life cycle assessment (LCA). The study takes a cradle-to-grave approach, and considers six phases: 1) fresh latex production, 2) concentrated latex production, 3) condom production, 4) condom use, 5) condom transportation, and 6) condom disposal. The comparative analysis of NR and PI condom production takes a gate-to-gate scope. The functional unit is one gross condom. The results indicate that the condom production phase has the largest share (34-73%) in the environmental impact during the life cycle of NR condoms, followed by the disposal phase (20-60%). Comparing the production of NR and PI condoms reveals that the production of PI condoms results in a 1.5-2.5 times higher environmental impacts than the NR condom production, due to higher electricity consumption, especially for the compounding, dipping, and leaching processes. Reduction of electricity use is a key measure to reduce the environmental impact. Combining natural gas with electricity for the dipping process is a promising option to reduce the electricity use; it results in ~10-17% reduction in environmental impacts.

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Section: Fresh Latex Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the potential environmental impacts of condom production in Thailand

Jawjit

Pavasant²,

Kroeze

et al. 2021

Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences

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“…Both samples were harvested from the Hevea brasiliensis tree and are composed of a colloidal system containing polyisoprene globules, water, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and inorganic particles. [27,28] The field latex underwent minimal treatment and processing after harvesting and had a dry rubber content of 28%. Whereas, the concentrated latex experienced centrifuging which increased its dry rubber content to 60%.…”

Section: Experimental Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the interactions between carbon black nanoparticles and latex thin films in aqueous media using AFM force spectroscopy

McClements

Zhang

Radacsi

et al. 2020

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspect

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AFM force spectroscopy was utilised to measure the interactions between latex and carbon black nanoparticles in neutral ultrapure water and basic ultrapure water with 0.7% ammonia (pH of 11.6 ± 0.05) by weight added. For the first time, carbon black nanoparticles were adhered to AFM tips with epoxy using force spectroscopy techniques and characterised using SEM and AFM. The carbon-functionalised tips were then utilised to interact with thin films (prepared from concentrated and field latex suspensions) in the two liquid media. The results demonstrated that both attractive (during tip approach) and adhesive (during tip retraction) forces were considerably greater between the latex and carbon nanoparticles when the experiments were carried out in ultrapure water compared to ultrapure water with 0.7% ammonia. This was because the basic ammonia solution increased the negative surface charges of the latex and carbon particles which was confirmed by zeta potential measurements. Therefore, in the ammonia solution, only repulsion was observed on the tip approach and only small amounts of adhesion were observed on the tip retraction. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that despite the different processing and treatment of the concentrated and field latex samples, their interactions with the carbon black nanoparticles were similar in each medium. This study directly measures the interactions between carbon black nanoparticles and natural rubber latex, which has a significance for the manufacturing of automotive tyres and other polymer/carbon composites.

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“…Dipping industry uses a preserved concentrated natural rubber. The dry rubber content in latex is approximately 60% and the ammonia content varies from 0.2% to 0.7% on latex by weight (Kerdtongmee et al, 2014). A latex compound is prepared by adding chemicals to the latex as a colloidal solution, dispersion or as an emulsion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of Biological Treatment Plant Sludge to Organic Fertilizer for Applications in Organic Farming

et al. 2020

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Conversion of the sludge generated in the biological treatment plants of glove dipping industries of Sri Lanka to a valuable organic fertilizer after removing toxic metal ions such as heavy metals and excess Zn and Al present in the sludge to allowable limits is described. In order to do so, the raw materials used were analysed for these species and for their nutritional values. Removal of metal ions by different acids such as HNO3 and acetic acid digestion processes are revealed and the results are compared. Dilution of the metal ion-removed sludge with other raw materials used in organic fertilizer production to enable maintain right C:N ratio and the use of these materials in the fertilizer production process used are presented. Application of the fertilizer to soils of fruit and vegetable plantations and measurement of Zn, Al and heavy metals in the soil and plant parts and their crops as a function of time is also described. The quality of vegetables and fruits produced by applying this new fertilizer is compared with those obtained in the open market.It has been shown that the former contains no or much less than maximum allowable limits of heavy metals or toxic species when compared to those grown using other organic fertilizers. This study is useful for industrial biological treatment plant sludge management by converting it to a useful product.

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Quantifying Dry Rubber Content in Latex Solution Using an Ultrasonic Pulse

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

Evaluation of the potential environmental impacts of condom production in Thailand

Evaluation of the potential environmental impacts of condom production in Thailand

Measuring the interactions between carbon black nanoparticles and latex thin films in aqueous media using AFM force spectroscopy

Conversion of Biological Treatment Plant Sludge to Organic Fertilizer for Applications in Organic Farming

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