Quantifying Continuous Lesions and Fractures on Long Bones

Biddick, Kathleen; Tomenchuk, John

doi:10.1179/009346975791491042

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In our study, the fracture pattern appeared linear on fractured fresh bones (series 1) and irregular on dry bones (6 months, series 3, 4, 5). Dry bone fractures showed a staircase shape due to the more heterogeneous nature of dry bones .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Skull Fractures According to Postmortem Interval: An Experimental Approach in a Porcine Model

Jordana¹,

Colat-Parros

Bénézech³

2012

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Most studies on fracture morphology of fresh or dry bones, specifically skull bones, have a limited focus, and they are often based on observations rather than experimental tests. This study characterized pig cranial fractures sustained under known impact conditions. An impact machine (mobile carriage guided by columns) was used to perform a fracture on each skull. Impacts were performed at the same energy level on fresh and dry bones, with two types of impactor: a sharp striker (n = 50) and a blunt striker (n = 50). We found distinct features under different conditions, including osseous flakes on fresh bones, 90° fracture angles on dry bones, and more fractures with greater fragmentation on dry bones. These features highlighted the effects of time on perimortem fracture characteristics and the importance of bone storage conditions in the study of fracture genesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Skull Fractures According to Postmortem Interval: An Experimental Approach in a Porcine Model

Jordana¹,

Colat-Parros

Bénézech³

2012

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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“…The stepped edges are due in large part to the fact that weathering cracks appear along the surface of the bone as it dehydrates, which cause new fracture fronts to terminate upon intersection with another crack. This will create a step‐like appearance along the edge of the fracture (12,15). Micro‐step fractures can also occur in fresh bone if the fracture front splits to bypass structural irregularities of the bone (12).…”

Section: Perimortem Versus Postmortem Fracture Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the Timing of Long Bone Fractures: Correlation Between the Postmortem Interval, Bone Moisture Content, and Blunt Force Trauma Fracture Characteristics*

Wieberg

Wescott

2008

Journal of Forensic Sciences

124

133

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There is very limited knowledge about how long perimortem fracture characteristics persist into the postmortem interval (PMI). Therefore, in this study, 60 porcine long bones were exposed to natural taphonomic conditions and fractured with a steel bone breaking apparatus every 28 days throughout a 141-day period. Differences between macroscopic blunt force trauma fracture characteristics (fracture angle, surface morphology, and outline) were examined to determine if they varied over time or in relationship to bone moisture content (ash weight) and overall assessment. There are significant relationships between (1) PMI and percent ash weight (%AW), fracture surface, and fracture angle and (2) %AW and fracture surface and fracture angle. Bone moisture content correlates significantly with fracture morphology and other characteristics commonly used by forensic anthropologists to determine the timing of traumatic injuries. However, fracture characteristics normally associated with perimortem trauma can persist long into the PMI.

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“…One of the primary challenges is how to subdivide the broken surface of a fragment into separate breaks. This issue has been acknowledged in the published research since the 1970s (Biddick & Tomenchuk, 1975;Bunn, 1982Bunn, , 1989Davis, 1985;Pickering et al, 2005). The selection of break endpoints and the measurement of angles using the virtual goniometer results in visualizations that clearly communicate how we chose to subdivide the fragments in our sample, which can then be the basis for conversations that can move beyond the recognition of the challenge toward the development of a quantifiable, replicable convention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…To know how each feature was extracted from the fragments, it is important to understand how we defined the features and in particular how we differentiated breaks, because, as researchers have previously acknowledged, identifying breaks is not always a straight forward task (Biddick & Tomenchuk, 1975;Bunn, 1982Bunn, , 1989Davis, 1985;Pickering, Domínguez-Rodrigo, Egeland, & Brain, 2005). As Bunn (1982, p.43) points out, the boundary between breaks is neither well-defined nor is it always obvious.…”

Section: Our Experimental Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Using machine learning on new feature sets extracted from 3D models of broken animal bones to classify fragments according to break agent

Yezzi-Woodley¹,

Terwilliger²,

Li³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Distinguishing agents of bone modification at paleoanthropological sites is at the root of much of the research directed at understanding early hominin exploitation of large animal resources and the effects those subsistence behaviors had on early hominin evolution. However, current methods, particularly in the area of fracture pattern analysis as a signal of marrow exploitation, have failed to overcome equifinality. Furthermore, researchers debate the replicability and validity of current and emerging methods for analyzing bone modifications. Here we present a new approach to fracture pattern analysis aimed at distinguishing bone fragments resulting from hominin bone breakage and those produced by carnivores. This new method uses 3D models of fragmentary bone to extract a much richer dataset that is more transparent and replicable than feature sets previously used in fracture pattern analysis. Supervised machine learning algorithms are properly used to classify bone fragments according to agent of breakage with average mean accuracy of 77% across tests.

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Quantifying Continuous Lesions and Fractures on Long Bones

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Diagnosis of Skull Fractures According to Postmortem Interval: An Experimental Approach in a Porcine Model

Diagnosis of Skull Fractures According to Postmortem Interval: An Experimental Approach in a Porcine Model

Estimating the Timing of Long Bone Fractures: Correlation Between the Postmortem Interval, Bone Moisture Content, and Blunt Force Trauma Fracture Characteristics*

Using machine learning on new feature sets extracted from 3D models of broken animal bones to classify fragments according to break agent

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