Quantifying Concentrations and Emissions of Hexachlorobutadiene - A New Atmospheric Persistent Organic Pollutant in northern China

Yang, Minmin; Mao, Huiting; Liu, Hongli; Yang, Fengchun; Cao, Fangfang; Wang, Yan

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2022.114139

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Levels measured in Cape Hedo in Okinawa and across the remainder of Japan subsequent to this period (i.e., 2015 onward) are more than an order of magnitude higher (1 to 4 ng m –3 ). Within China, levels reported for the past decade are yet another 2 orders of magnitude higher, with average levels in Northeastern China even distant from suspected sources well over 100 ng m –3 , often reaching levels over 1000 ng m –3 . − This exceeds median levels (32 ng m –3 ) measured in the early 1980s in the USA, during a time when HCBD was still a commercial chemical . A fuller documentation of atmospheric levels of HCBD reported in the literature is provided in Table S8.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

A Decade of Global Atmospheric Monitoring Delivers Mixed Report Card on the Stockholm Convention

Shunthirasingham,

Hoang,

Lei

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Time trends in atmospheric concentrations serve to evaluate how effective the Stockholm Convention is in reducing or eliminating environmental releases of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Twelve years (2005−2016) of continuous monitoring with a global network of 20 sampling sites reveals that concentrations of the pesticide endosulfan began to drop coincident with its listing as POP in 2011. Concentrations of other POPs started to decrease prior to listing and during the sampling period declined very slowly or not at all. Concentrations of some unintentionally produced POPs (hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorobutadiene) increased to become the most abundant and most widely dispersed POPs in the global atmosphere. Their formation processes and release locations need to be identified to facilitate the Convention's goal of curbing releases from unintentional production.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

A Decade of Global Atmospheric Monitoring Delivers Mixed Report Card on the Stockholm Convention

Shunthirasingham,

Hoang,

Lei

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The transported HCBD may accumulate in high-altitude areas with low temperatures and high precipitation, and this could result in an alpine condensation effect and widespread regional and global pollution 54 , 60 – 62 . Because of the long-range atmospheric transportation, HCBD is detected in high-altitude areas distant from high-intensity human activities 59 , 63 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further controls on unintentional emissions were implemented in Annex C of the Stockholm Convention updated in 2017 2 . Despite worldwide efforts to address global HCBD accumulation, it is ubiquitous in the environment worldwide, including in the atmosphere, water, and soil [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric emissions of hexachlorobutadiene in fine particulate matter from industrial sources

Zhao,

Yang,

Sun

et al. 2024

Nat Commun

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD) is a concerning chemical that is included in the United States Toxic Substances Control Act, and the Stockholm Convention. Knowledge of the sources of HCBD is insufficient and is pivotal for accurate inventory and implementing global action. In this study, unintentional HCBD release and source emission factors of 121 full-scale industrial plants from 12 industries are investigated. Secondary copper smelting, electric arc furnace steelmaking, and hazardous waste incineration show potential for large emission reductions, which are found of high HCBD emission concentrations of > 20 ng/g in fine particulate matter in this study. The highest HCBD emission concentration is observed for the secondary copper smelting industry (average: 1380 ng/g). Source emission factors of HCBD for the 12 industries range from 0.008 kg/t for coal fire power plants to 0.680 kg/t for secondary lead smelting, from which an estimation of approximately 8452.8 g HCBD emissions annually worldwide achieved. The carcinogenic risks caused by HCBD emissions from countries and regions with intensive 12 industrial sources are 1.0-80 times higher than that without these industries. These results will be useful for formulating effective strategies of HCBD control.

show abstract

“…Air is the main environmental compartment in which HCBD is found according to several sources [ 9 ]. About 95% of the emitted HCBD remains in the atmosphere and could be transported for redistribution [ 15 , 16 ]. The HCBD levels in the air were in the range of 1.46–1170 µg/m 3 (median 179 µg/m 3 ) for F1 and 1.96–5530 µg/m 3 (median 13.2 µg/m 3 ) for F2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels, Distributions, and Potential Risks of Hexachlorobutadiene from Two Tetrachloroethylene Factories in China

Liu

Guo

et al. 2023

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A systematic investigation was conducted on the emission of hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD) from two tetrachloroethylene factories that used the acetylene method (F1) and the tetrachloride transformation method (F2). The levels of HCBD in the air for F1 were found to be in the range of 1.46–1170 µg/m3, whereas F2 had levels in the range of 1.96–5530 µg/m3. Similarly, the levels of HCBD in the soil for F1 were found to be in the range from 42.2 to 140 µg/kg, whereas F2 had levels in the range from 4.13 to 2180 µg/kg. Samples obtained from the air, soil, and sludge in the reaction area of the tetrachloroethylene factories in China showed high levels of HCBD. The F1 method unintentionally produced more HCBD than the F2 method during tetrachloroethylene production, leading to greater harm. The results of the risk assessment suggested the presence of harmful health effects on workers in the workplace. The investigation findings highlight the need for improved management systems to ensure the safe production of tetrachloroethylene.

show abstract

Quantifying Concentrations and Emissions of Hexachlorobutadiene - A New Atmospheric Persistent Organic Pollutant in northern China

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

A Decade of Global Atmospheric Monitoring Delivers Mixed Report Card on the Stockholm Convention

A Decade of Global Atmospheric Monitoring Delivers Mixed Report Card on the Stockholm Convention

Atmospheric emissions of hexachlorobutadiene in fine particulate matter from industrial sources

Levels, Distributions, and Potential Risks of Hexachlorobutadiene from Two Tetrachloroethylene Factories in China

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About