Quantifying chemodiversity considering biochemical and structural properties of compounds with the R package<i>chemodiv</i>

Petrén, Hampus; Köllner, Tobias G.; Junker, Robert R.

doi:10.1101/2022.06.08.495236

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Firstly, plant chemodiversity can be measured in the form of distinct classes as chemotypes with their specific composition of plant compounds but also in the form of a continuous gradient as a measure of chemodiversity, where different classes of metabolites could be considered. With sufficient knowledge of biosynthetic pathways, more informative indices could also be used (Petrén et al, 2022). Secondly, chemodiversity can be considered on the level of the individual plant but also summarised on the level of the plant community.…”

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confidence: 99%

Intraspecific chemodiversity provides plant individual- and neighbourhood-mediated associational resistance towards aphids

Ziaja

Müller

2022

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1. Some plant species express an extraordinarily high intraspecific diversity in phytochemicals (= chemodiversity). As discussed for biodiversity, higher chemodiversity may provide better protection against environmental stress, including herbivory. However, little is known about whether the resistance of a plant individual towards herbivores is mostly governed by its own chemodiversity or by associational resistance provided by conspecific neighbours. 2. To investigate the role of chemodiversity in plant-aphid interactions, we used the Asteraceae Tanacetum vulgare, whose individuals differ pronouncedly in the composition of leaf terpenoids, forming distinct chemotypes. Plants were set-up in a field consisting of 60 plots, each containing five individuals of either the same or different chemotypes. Presence of winged aphids, indicating aphid attraction, and abundance of winged and unwinged aphids, indicating fitness, were scored weekly on each plant, focusing on three commonly occurring aphid species specialised on T. vulgare. During the peak abundance of aphids, leaf samples were taken from all plants for re-analyses of the terpenoid composition and quantification of terpenoid chemodiversity, calculated on an individual plant (Shannon index, Hsind) and plot level (Hsplot). 3. Aphid attraction was neither influenced by chemotype nor plot-type. The real-time odour environment may be very complex in this setting, impeding clear preferences. In contrast, the abundance was affected by both chemotype and plot-type. On average, more Uroleucon tanaceti aphids were found on plants of two of the chemotypes growing in homogenous compared to heterogenous plots, supporting the associational resistance hypothesis. For Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria the probability of presence on a plant differed between plot-types on one chemotype. Terpenoid chemodiversity expressed as a gradient revealed negative Hsplot effects on U. tanaceti, but a positive correlation of Hsind with the abundance of M. tanacetaria. Aphids of M. fuscoviride were not affected by any level of chemodiversity. 4. Synthesis. This study shows that not only the chemotype and chemodiversity of individual plants but also that of conspecific neighbours influence plant-herbivore interactions. These effects are highly specific with regard to the plant chemotype, the aphid species as well as its morphs (winged vs. unwinged). Furthermore, our results highlight the importance of analysing chemodiversity at different levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraspecific chemodiversity provides plant individual- and neighbourhood-mediated associational resistance towards aphids

Ziaja

Müller

2022

Preprint

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“…Pollen may also be chemodiverse to some extent (Rivest and Forrest, 2020). Chemodiversity can be measured at different levels, with a focus on the number of compounds (= richness) but also by implementing their evenness, as done, for example, in calculations of the Shannon index or other diversity indices, originally developed for biodiversity of species (Allen et al, 2009, Petrén et al, 2023, Wetzel and Whitehead, 2020. Many studies on floral attractiveness and apparency neglect the role of contact chemicals (Raguso, 2008b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral volatiles evoke partially similar responses in both florivores and pollinators and are correlated with non-volatile reward chemicals

Sasidharan

Eilers

Junker

et al. 2023

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Background: Plants use floral displays to attract mutualists, but simultaneously need to prevent attacks by antagonists. Chemical displays detectable from a distance include attractive or repellent floral volatile organic compounds (FVOCs). Post-landing, visitors perceive contact chemicals including nutrients, but also deterrent or toxic constituents in pollen and nectar, protecting flowers from overexploitation. The composition of FVOCs and pollen chemistry is well known to vary among and within species. However, we lack knowledge about differences and similarities in the detectability of and behavioural responses towards these compounds for insect flower visitor groups of key importance, i.e., mutualistic pollinators versus antagonistic florivores, as well as the correlation between FVOCs and pollen chemodiversity. Scope: We reviewed how FVOCs and non-volatile floral chemical displays, i.e., nutrients and toxins of pollen, vary in composition and how they affect the detection and behaviour of insect flower visitors. Moreover, we used a meta-analytic approach to evaluate the detection of and responses towards FVOCs by pollinators vs. florivores within the same plant genera. Furthermore, we tested whether the chemodiversity of FVOCs as well as nutrients and toxins stored in pollen are correlated and hence informative about each other. Key Results: According to the available data, florivores are more likely to detect FVOCs than pollinators. Common FVOCs such as linalool and methyl salicylate were often reported as attractive to pollinators and repellent towards florivores. A higher number of FVOCs was found to be attractive to both mutualists and antagonists compared to shared repellent compounds. Furthermore, a negative correlation between FVOC richness and the number of pollen toxin classes was revealed, besides a trend towards a positive correlation between pollen protein amount and the number of pollen toxins. Conclusions: Plants face critical trade-offs when producing floral chemicals, as these partly mediate the same information, particularly attraction but also repellence or toxicity, to both mutualists and antagonists. Moreover, chemodiversity of different floral parts is partly correlated and thus highly relevant for investigations of flower-insect interactions. Further research is needed on more different wild and cultivated plant species and mutualistic and antagonistic interaction partners to test for generalisation of these patterns.

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Geographic distribution of terpenoid chemotypes inTanacetum vulgaremediates tansy aphid occurrence and abundance

Rahimova

Neuhaus-Harr

Clancy

et al. 2023

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Aim: Intraspecific variations of specialized metabolites in plants, such as terpenoids, are used to determine chemotypes. Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) exhibits highly diverse terpenoid composition profiles in leaf tissues, particularly of mono- and sesquiterpenoids. The substantial chemotypic variation in tansy plants influences their associated insect communities in the field. However, it is not fully known whether and/or how patterns of their chemical composition and associated insects vary on a large scale. In this study, we investigated the geographic distribution of mono- and sesquiterpenoid chemotypes in tansy leaves and the effects of these chemotypes on colonization by insect communities across Germany. Location: Germany Year of data collection: 2014 Major taxa studied: Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae), Metopeurum fuscoviride Stroyan (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Lasius niger L. (Formicidae), Formica rufa L. (Formicidae), Myrmica rubra L. (Formicidae) Methods: We sampled tansy leaves from 26 sites along a north-south and west-east transect in Germany. Leaf tissue from ten plants with and five plants without aphids was collected from each site. Hexane-extracted metabolites from leaf tissues were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Plant morphological traits, aphid occurrence and abundance, and occurrence of ants were recorded. The effect of plant chemotype, plant morphological parameters, and site parameters such as temperature and precipitation on insect occurrences were analysed. Results: Tansy plants clustered into four monoterpenoid and four sesquiterpenoid chemotype classes. Monoterpene classes differed in their latitudinal distribution, whereas sesquiterpene classes were more evenly distributed across the transect. Aphid and ant occurrence were influenced by monoterpenoid class and specific plant morphological traits. Specifically, we found that plants of monoterpenoid class 1 were colonized by Metopeurum fuscoviride and ants significantly more often than expected by chance compared to plants from monoterpenoid class 4. Moreover, aphid abundance was negatively affected by host plant height, and increasing average annual temperature positively influenced the occurrence of ants. Conclusion: We found significant geographic differences in the chemical diversity of tansy and show that monoterpenoids affect aphid and ant occurrence, while host plant height can influence aphid abundance. Our work shows that geographic variation in plant chemistry and morphology influences insect communities' assemblage on tansy plants.

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Quantifying chemodiversity considering biochemical and structural properties of compounds with the R packagechemodiv

Cited by 3 publications

References 93 publications

Intraspecific chemodiversity provides plant individual- and neighbourhood-mediated associational resistance towards aphids

Intraspecific chemodiversity provides plant individual- and neighbourhood-mediated associational resistance towards aphids

Floral volatiles evoke partially similar responses in both florivores and pollinators and are correlated with non-volatile reward chemicals

Geographic distribution of terpenoid chemotypes inTanacetum vulgaremediates tansy aphid occurrence and abundance

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