“…For example, in [25] An extensive business portfolio for heterogeneous networks is presented to analyse the benefits due to multi-operator cooperation for spectrum sharing. High resolution pricing models are developed to dynamically facilitate price adaptation to the system State.…”
Section: B Related Workmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The duration of each lease could be decided by the network providers under a mutual agreement, and/or any other regulatory bodies' conditions (e.g., minutes, hours, days). In our model, we assume that the PNOs receive a series of demands from multiple SNOs at different time instances [25,33]. Depending on the time of SNO's request, different sets of frequencies and prices can be available.…”
“…A channel request is immediately lost if it finds the system busy, which implies that networks operate independently in a non-cooperative way. This is referred to as an Erlang loss system [25,34]. Under a loss system the well-known blocking probability for the jth type of service at the ith cell of the sth SNO can be given by the Erlang B formula as…”
Section: Spectrum Allocation By Minimising Borrowing Costmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The state space of the Markov chain is specified in (25), and its transition rates Q(t) = (q(n, n , t), n, n ∈ Ω s ) are given by…”
Section: G Post-optimization Analysis Under Resource Sharing Betweenmentioning
Dynamic spectrum sharing aims to provide secondary access to under-utilised spectrum in cellular networks. The main aim of the paper is twofold. Firstly, secondary operator aims to borrow spectrum bandwidths under the assumption that more spectrum resources exist considering a merchant mode. Two optimization models are proposed using stochastic and optimization models in which the secondary operator (i) spends the minimal cost to achieve the target grade of service assuming unrestricted budget or (ii) gains the maximal profit to achieve the target grade of service assuming restricted budget.Results obtained from each model are then compared with results derived from algorithms in which spectrum borrowings are random. Comparisons showed that the gain in the results obtained from our proposed stochastic-optimization framework is significantly higher than heuristic counterparts. Secondly, post-optimization performance analysis of the operators in the form of blocking probability in various scenarios is investigated to determine the probable performance gain and degradation of the secondary and primary operators respectively. We mathematically model the sharing agreement scenario and derive the closed form solution of blocking probabilities for each operator. Results show how the secondary operator perform in terms of blocking probability under various offered loads and sharing capacity.
“…For example, in [25] An extensive business portfolio for heterogeneous networks is presented to analyse the benefits due to multi-operator cooperation for spectrum sharing. High resolution pricing models are developed to dynamically facilitate price adaptation to the system State.…”
Section: B Related Workmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The duration of each lease could be decided by the network providers under a mutual agreement, and/or any other regulatory bodies' conditions (e.g., minutes, hours, days). In our model, we assume that the PNOs receive a series of demands from multiple SNOs at different time instances [25,33]. Depending on the time of SNO's request, different sets of frequencies and prices can be available.…”
“…A channel request is immediately lost if it finds the system busy, which implies that networks operate independently in a non-cooperative way. This is referred to as an Erlang loss system [25,34]. Under a loss system the well-known blocking probability for the jth type of service at the ith cell of the sth SNO can be given by the Erlang B formula as…”
Section: Spectrum Allocation By Minimising Borrowing Costmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The state space of the Markov chain is specified in (25), and its transition rates Q(t) = (q(n, n , t), n, n ∈ Ω s ) are given by…”
Section: G Post-optimization Analysis Under Resource Sharing Betweenmentioning
Dynamic spectrum sharing aims to provide secondary access to under-utilised spectrum in cellular networks. The main aim of the paper is twofold. Firstly, secondary operator aims to borrow spectrum bandwidths under the assumption that more spectrum resources exist considering a merchant mode. Two optimization models are proposed using stochastic and optimization models in which the secondary operator (i) spends the minimal cost to achieve the target grade of service assuming unrestricted budget or (ii) gains the maximal profit to achieve the target grade of service assuming restricted budget.Results obtained from each model are then compared with results derived from algorithms in which spectrum borrowings are random. Comparisons showed that the gain in the results obtained from our proposed stochastic-optimization framework is significantly higher than heuristic counterparts. Secondly, post-optimization performance analysis of the operators in the form of blocking probability in various scenarios is investigated to determine the probable performance gain and degradation of the secondary and primary operators respectively. We mathematically model the sharing agreement scenario and derive the closed form solution of blocking probabilities for each operator. Results show how the secondary operator perform in terms of blocking probability under various offered loads and sharing capacity.
“…Price-based DSS has also been investigated from the business perspective [26], [7]. For example, In [27] An extensive business portfolio for heterogeneous networks is presented to analyse the benefits due to multi-operator cooperation for spectrum sharing. High resolution pricing models are developed to dynamically facilitate price adaptation to the system State.…”
Abstract-Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) aims to provide opportunistic access to under-utilised spectrum in cellular networks for secondary network operators. In this paper we propose an algorithm using stochastic and optimisation models to borrow spectrum bandwidths under the assumption that more resources exist for secondary access than the secondary network demand by considering a merchant mode. The main aim of the paper is to address the problem of spectrum borrowing in DSS environments, where a secondary network operator aims to borrow the required spectrum from multiple primary network operators to achieve a maximum profit under specific grade of service (GoS) and budget restriction. We assume that the primary network operators offer spectrum access opportunities with variable number of channels (contiguous and/or non-contiguous) at variable prices. Results obtained are then compared with results derived from an algorithm in which spectrum borrowing are random. Comparisons showed that the gain in the results obtained from our proposed stochastic-optimisation framework is significantly higher than random counterpart.
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