Quantifying Ammonia Emissions from a Cattle Feedlot using a Dispersion Model

McGinn, S. M.; Flesch, Thomas K.; Crenna, Brian P.; Beauchemin, K. A.; Coates, Trevor

doi:10.2134/jeq2007.0167

Cited by 80 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Laubach et al (2008) clearly describe three paddockscale micrometeorological methods for measuring emissions from beef cattle. Specifically, one methodology based on inverse dispersion (Flesch et al, 2005) has been shown to have potential for estimating CH 4 emissions from feedlot and grazing production systems Kelliher, 2005a and2005b;McGinn et al, 2007 andLoh et al, 2008). This methodology has now been used across a number of grazing systems in northern Australia to determine herd-scale CH 4 emissions.…”

Section: Beef Cattle Ch 4 Emissions In Tropical Pasturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and mitigation of methane emissions from beef cattle in tropical grazing systems: a perspective from Australia and Brazil

Berndt

Tomkins

2013

Animal

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The growing global demand for food of animal origin will be the incentive for countries such as Australia and Brazil to increase their beef production and international exports. This increased supply of beef is expected to occur primarily through on-farm productivity increases. The strategies for reducing resultant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions should be evaluated in the context of the production system and should encompass a broader analysis, which would include the emissions of methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and carbon sequestration. This paper provides an insight into CH 4 measurement techniques applicable to grazing environments and proposed mitigation strategies, with relevance to the production systems that are predominant in grazing systems of Australia and Brazil. Research and technology investment in both Australia and Brazil is aimed at developing measurement techniques and increasing the efficiency of cattle production by improving herd genetics, utilization of the seasonal feed-base and reducing the proportion of metabolizable energy lost as CH 4 . Concerted efforts in these areas can be expected to reduce the number of unproductive animals, reduce age at slaughter and inevitably reduce emission intensity (EI) from beef production systems. Improving efficiency of livestock production systems in tropical grazing systems for Australia and Brazil will be based on cultivated and existing native pastures and the use of additives and by-products from other agricultural sectors. This approach spares grain-based feed reserves typically used for human consumption, but potentially incurs a heavier EI than current intensive feeding systems. The determination of GHG emissions and the value of mitigation outcomes for entire beef production systems in the extensive grazing systems is complex and require a multidisciplinary approach. It is fortunate that governments in both Australia and Brazil are supporting ongoing research activities. Nevertheless, to achieve an outcome that feeds a growing population while reducing emissions on a global scale continues to be a monumental challenge for ruminant nutritionists.

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Section: Beef Cattle Ch 4 Emissions In Tropical Pasturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and mitigation of methane emissions from beef cattle in tropical grazing systems: a perspective from Australia and Brazil

Berndt

Tomkins

2013

Animal

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“…It is considered to be currently among the most accurate micrometeorological techniques to calculate dispersion and determine emission rates (Denmead, 2008;Laubach, 2010;Loubet et al, 2010). It has been applied to assess methane and/or NH 3 emissions from agricultural fields fertilised with slurry (Sanz et al, 2010) and urea (Sommer et al, 2005), grazed fields (Denmead et al, 2004;Laubach and Kelliher, 2005;Laubach et al, 2008;Laubach, 2010), cattle feedlots McGinn et al, 2007;van Haarlem et al, 2008;Loh et al, 2008), and even complete farms (Flesch et al, 2009). The bLS calculates emissions accurately provided homogeneously emitting source areas (or well represented point sources), a precise monitoring of c bgd and a largely undisturbed wind field, i.e.…”

Section: Uncertainty Of the Bls/ftir Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of field scale ammonia emissions for common slurry spreading practice with two independent methods

et al. 2011

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Abstract.At a cropland and a grassland site field scale ammonia (NH 3 ) emissions from slurry application were determined simultaneously by two approaches based on (i) eddy covariance (EC) flux measurements using high temperature Chemical Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (HT-CIMS) and on (ii) backward Lagrangian Stochastic (bLS) dispersion modelling using concentration measurements by three optical open path Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) systems. Slurry was spread on the fields in sequential tracks over a period of one to two hours. In order to calculate field emissions, measured EC/HT-CIMS fluxes were combined with flux footprint analysis of individual slurry spreading tracks to parameterise the NH 3 volatilisation with a bi-exponential time dependence. Accordingly, track-resolved concentration footprints for the FTIR measurements were calculated using bLS. A consistency test with concentrations measured by impingers showed very low systematic deviations for the EC/HT-CIMS results (<8 %) but larger deviations for the bLS/FTIR results. For both slurry application events, the period during fertilisation and the subsequent two hours contributed by more than 80 % to the total field emissions. Averaged over the two measurement methods, the cumulated emissions of the first day amounted to 17 ± 3 % loss of applied total ammoniacal nitrogen over the cropland and 16 ± 3 % over the grassland field.

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“…Several filtering parameters were used to eliminate data when the bLS method (based on the MoninObukhov Similarity Theory) was known to under perform (McGinn et al 2007). The data that were retained for running WindTrax passed the following criteria:…”

Section: Measurements and Modeling At The Lagoonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia emission from dairy cow manure stored in a lagoon over summer

McGinn¹,

Coates²,

Flesch³

et al. 2008

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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McGinn, S. M., Coates, T., Flesch, T. K. and Crenna, B. 2008. Ammonia emission from dairy cow manure stored in a lagoon over summer. Can. J. Soil Sci. 88: 611Á615. It is recognized that volatilized ammonia (NH 3 ) from intensive livestock production can be a significant pathway for nitrogen (N) pollution to land and water, and can contribute to poor air quality. The objectives of our study were to document NH 3 emissions from a dairy lagoon and to assess the influence of meteorology on NH 3 emissions. Ammonia emissions were determined using a backward Lagrangian Stochastic approach using WindTrax software, an open-path NH 3 laser and a sonic anemometer. Results indicate that an average 5.191.6 g NH 3 m (2 d (1 was released over the summer; however, the emission varied typically over 24 h between 3.6 and 8.6 g NH 3 m(2 d( 1 . Wind speed and surface temperature of the lagoon had similar influences on the magnitude of the release, where their direct impact on NH 3 emission accounted for 28 and 31% of the variability, respectively. The main implication of this study is that NH 3 losses are significant from dairy lagoons, contributing to the issue of N pollution. As well, NH 3 emissions are a loss of valuable N for manure used as fertilizer, which in our study amounted to approximately 13% of the total ammoniacal N content of the manure in the lagoon.

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Quantifying Ammonia Emissions from a Cattle Feedlot using a Dispersion Model

Cited by 80 publications

References 23 publications

Measurement and mitigation of methane emissions from beef cattle in tropical grazing systems: a perspective from Australia and Brazil

Measurement and mitigation of methane emissions from beef cattle in tropical grazing systems: a perspective from Australia and Brazil

Determination of field scale ammonia emissions for common slurry spreading practice with two independent methods

Ammonia emission from dairy cow manure stored in a lagoon over summer

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