Summary:We evaluated the effects of early posttrau matic hypoxia on neurologic function, magnetic reso nance images (MRI), brain tissue specific gravities, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in head-injured rats. By itself, an hypoxic insult (PaOZ 40 mm Hg for 30 min) had little effect on any measure of cerebral function. After tem poral fluid-percussion impact injury, however, hypoxia significantly increased morbidity. Of rats subjected to im pact (4.9 ± 0.3 atm) plus hypoxia, 71% had motor weak ness contralateral to the impact side 24 h after injury, while only 29% of rats subjected to impact alone had de monstrable weakness (p < 0.05). Lesions observed on MR images 24 h after injury were restricted to the impact site in rats with impact injury alone, but extensive areas with longer Tl relaxation times were observed throughout the ipsilateral cortex in rats with impact in-