Quantification of water content by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy on Mars

Rapin, W.; Meslin, P. Y.; Maurice, S.; Wiens, R. C.; Laporte, Didier; Chauviré, Boris; Gasnault, O.; Schröder, Susanne; Beck, Pierre; Bender, Steve; Beyssac, Olivier; Cousin, A.; Dehouck, E.; Drouet, Christophe; Forni, O.; Nachon, M.; Melikechi, Noureddine; Rondeau, B.; Mangold, N.; Thomas, N.

doi:10.1016/j.sab.2017.02.007

Cited by 72 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The calibration performed using the synthetic glass of Rapin et al. () confirms that we were able to correctly estimate such very low water contents. Conversely, perlitic glass sample P4 yielded a water content >1.6%, after which the signal becomes saturated.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

“…The spectra of the glasses are compared to those of synthetic basaltic glasses with different H 2 O abundance in black (Rapin et al. ). The transmission spectrum of the P4 glass is also shown (blue spectra).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transmission spectra of Pantasma glasses P2 and P3 (red spectra) showing the presence of an -OH absorption feature (see inset). The spectra of the glasses are compared to those of synthetic basaltic glasses with different H 2 O abundance in black (Rapin et al 2017). The transmission spectrum of the P4 glass is also shown (blue spectra).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pantasma: Evidence for a Pleistocene circa 14 km diameter impact crater in Nicaragua

Rochette

Alac

Beck

et al. 2019

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

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The circa 14 km diameter Pantasma circular structure in Oligocene volcanic rocks in Nicaragua is here studied for the first time to understand its origin. Geomorphology, field mapping, and petrographic and geochemical investigations all are consistent with an impact origin for the Pantasma structure. Observations supporting an impact origin include outward‐dipping volcanic flows, the presence of former melt‐bearing polymict breccia, impact glass (with lechatelierite and low H2O, <300 ppm), and also a possible ejecta layer containing Paleozoic rocks which originated from hundreds of meters below the surface. Diagnostic evidence for impact is provided by detection in impact glass of the former presence of reidite in granular zircon as well as coesite, and extraterrestrial ε54Cr value in polymict breccia. Two 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages with a combined weighted mean age of 815 ± 11 ka (2 σ; P = 0.17) were obtained on impact glass. This age is consistent with geomorphological data and erosion modeling, which all suggest a rather young crater. Pantasma is only the fourth exposed crater >10 km found in the Americas south of N30 latitude, and provides further evidence that a significant number of impact craters may remain to be discovered in Central and South America.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pantasma: Evidence for a Pleistocene circa 14 km diameter impact crater in Nicaragua

Rochette

Alac

Beck

et al. 2019

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

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“…For opal‐A, different water contents may be considered as it is known to vary significantly among opals. At Gale crater, opal was identified within silica‐rich light‐toned alteration halos and with an average opal water content of 6.3 wt% determined from the hydrogen signal in the ChemCam instrument (Rapin, Meslin, et al, ; Rapin et al, ). However, the SAM instrument yielded a water content of 0.9 ± 0.3 wt% H 2 O at the Greenhorn alteration halo (Rapin et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Abundance of Dunes in Gale Crater, Mars From Active Neutron Experiments and Implications for Amorphous Phases

Gabriel

Hardgrove

Czarnecki

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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We report the water abundance of Bagnold Dune sand in Gale crater, Mars by analyzing active neutron experiments using the Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons instrument. We report a bulk water‐equivalent‐hydrogen abundance of 0.68 ± 0.15 wt%, which is similar to measurements several kilometers away and from those taken of the dune surface. Thus, the dune is likely dehydrated throughout. Furthermore, we use geochemical constraints, including bulk water content, to develop compositional models of the amorphous fraction for which little information is known. We find the amorphous fraction contains ∼26‐ to 64‐wt% basaltic glass and up to ∼24‐wt% rhyolitic glass, suggesting at least one volcanic source for the dune material. We also find a range of hydrated phases may be present in appreciable abundances, either from the incorporation of eroded aqueously altered sediments or the direct alteration of the dune sand.

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“…Therefore, we mainly use qualitative observations for these elements, such as the peak area of the line of interest after normalization of the spectrum. Regarding hydrogen, its quantification in soils is still in progress [ Rapin et al ., ], and here we present the H signal from the ICA multivariate analysis [ Forni et al ., ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry of the Bagnold dune field as observed by ChemCam and comparison with other aeolian deposits at Gale Crater

et al. 2017

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The Curiosity rover conducted the first field investigation of an active extraterrestrial dune. This study of the Bagnold dunes focuses on the ChemCam chemical results and also presents findings on the grain size distributions based on the ChemCam Remote Micro‐Imager and Mars Hand Lens Imager images. These active dunes are composed of grains that are mostly <250 μm. Their composition is overall similar to that of the aeolian deposits analyzed all along the traverse (“Aeolis Palus soils”). Nevertheless, the dunes contain less volatiles (Cl, H, and S) than the Aeolis Palus soils, which appear to be due to a lower content of volatile‐rich fine‐grained particles (<100 μm) or a lower content of volatile‐rich amorphous component, possibly as a result of (1) a lower level of chemical alteration, (2) the removal of an alteration rind at the surface of the grains during transport, (3) a lower degree of interaction with volcanic gases/aerosols, or (4) physical sorting that removed the smallest and most altered grains. Analyses of the >150 μm grain‐size dump piles have shown that coarser grains (150–250 μm) are enriched in the mafic elements Fe and Mn, suggesting a larger content in olivine compared to smaller grains (<150 μm) of the Bagnold dunes. Moreover, the chemistry of soils analyzed in the vicinity of the dunes indicates that they are similar to the dune material. All these observations suggest that the olivine content determined by X‐ray diffraction of the <150 μm grain‐size sample should be considered as a lower limit for the Bagnold dunes.

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Quantification of water content by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy on Mars

Abstract: International audienc

Cited by 72 publications

References 53 publications

Pantasma: Evidence for a Pleistocene circa 14 km diameter impact crater in Nicaragua

Pantasma: Evidence for a Pleistocene circa 14 km diameter impact crater in Nicaragua

Water Abundance of Dunes in Gale Crater, Mars From Active Neutron Experiments and Implications for Amorphous Phases

Geochemistry of the Bagnold dune field as observed by ChemCam and comparison with other aeolian deposits at Gale Crater

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