Quantification of verbascoside in medicinal species of Phlomis and their genetic relationships

Abstract

BackgroundThe genus Phlomis (Lamiaceae) is introduced by its valuable medicinal species, of which 17 species are growing wildly and ten of them are exclusively endemic of Iran. The main phytochemical characteristic of this genus is presence of iridoid glycosides including ipolamide, auroside, lamiide and also phenylethanoids such as verbascoside (acetoside) found in Lamiales order.Due to the broad range of biological and pharmacological activities of verbascoside and lack of any report on quantification of this compound within Iranian species of Phlomis, we conducted a research to achieve two main goals, finding a genetic biodiversity by RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA), as well as detecting and quantifying verbascoside in nine species of Phlomis growing wildly in Iran.ResultsThe results showed that various samples of P.olivieri possess different genetic distances from each other. Also, various species of P.olivieri display close relationships to P.anisodonta and P. persica. Phytoanalysis of Phlomis species by means of TLC scanner using verbascoside as a phytochemical marker showed that the highest concentration of verbascoside was found in P. anisodonta, however, P. bruguieri and P. olivieri (from Mazandaran) were in the second and third places. Interestingly, the lowest concentration of verbascoside was detected in P. olivieri (from Azerbayjan), exhibiting the effect of various growing areas and conditions on the measured levels of this compound.Conclusionsverbascoside can be found in various species of Iranian Phlomis, of which P. anisodonta, P. bruguieri and P. olivieri might be the best choices. In addition, although the concentration of verbascoside in these plants may be affected by the growing areas and conditions, there are a good agreement between genetic relations and verbascoside levels.

Variation in Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Wild Populations of Phlomis olivieri

“…Totally, 27 compounds representing 90.52 -98.51% of the total oil were identified in the essential oil of P. olivieri. The main compounds found in the several populations were germacrene D (26.54 Consistently with our results, the major essential oil components of P. olivieri collected in northern part of Iran (Mazandaran and Guilan provinces) were germacrene D, b-caryophyllene, and a-pinene, [14] while Ghassemi et al [15] found hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, spathulenol, germacrene D, b-caryophyllene, and caryophyllene oxide as main constituents in the essential oil of P. olivieri collected from central Iran (Isfahan province). In another report [16] on populations from Damav (Tehran province), the main compounds were germacrene D, b-caryophyllene, a-pinene, and b-selinene.…”

Large-Scale Target Identification of Herbal Medicine Using a Reverse Docking Approach

“…It also often exists in the species of the Lamiales order. 57 Acteoside has several pharmacological properties including being antioxidant, immunosuppressive, and anti-inflammatory. 58 Quercetin is a widely distributed flavonoid in nature; its potential applications include but are not limited to anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-asthmatic.…”

Determination, Isolation, and Identification of Aucubin and Verbascoside in the Leaves of Iraqi Plantago Lancoleta L. Using Different Detecting Methods

“…Three mobile phases were used for the analytical TLC of aucubin including n-butanol (n-BuOH): distilled water (DW) in a proportion of 9 ml: 1 ml [37], n-BuOH: acetic acid (AcOH): DW (8 ml: 2 ml: 10 ml) and isopropanol (IsoPrOH): DW (6 ml: 4 ml) [38]. Three mobile phases were used for the analytical TLC of verbascoside including Ethyl acetate (ETAC): methanol (MeOH): DW (77 ml: 15 ml: 8 ml) [39], ETAC: DW: formic acid (FA) (10 ml: 3 ml: 2 ml) and ETAC: MeOH: DW (100 ml: 16.5 ml: 13.5 ml) [40,41].…”