Quantification of velocity reduction after flow diverter placement in intracranial aneurysm: An ex vivo study with 3D printed replicas

Abstract

Phase contrast MRI (pcMRI) was used to measure flow before and after placement of a flow diverter (n = 3). Decreases from 18% to 31% in flow velocity were seen in the inflow jet of the aneurysms. Flow patterns were also compared. It was observed that the gross aneurysmal flow patterns were maintained after flow diverter placement despite decreased fluid velocities. All measurements were carried out in 3D printed aneurysm replicas.

Neurovascular stent artifacts in 3D‐TOF and 3D‐PCMRI: Influence of stent design on flow measurement

“…It was shown in Refs. and that this fully patient specific information could replace advantageously CFD and DSA for the hemodynamic evaluation of IAs treated with FDS. However, more quantitative in vitro comparisons with, for example, particle image velocimetry would be necessary to confirm quantitatively the accuracy of the complex intra‐aneurysmal flow.…”

“…Currently limited to research purposes, various attempts to evaluate the intra‐aneurysmal and parent vessel hemodynamics using phase contrast MRI (PCMRI) have been carried out in the presence of FDSs. The additional velocity information of PCMRI offers the possibility to quantify the flow modifications induced by FDS implantation and assess indirectly the level of potential in‐stent stenosis . However, near‐stent PCMRI velocities are potentially affected by device related artifacts which strongly depend on the stent properties.…”

3D Printing of Rapid, Low-Cost and Patient-Specific Models of Brain Vasculature for Use in Preoperative Planning in Clipping of Intracranial Aneurysms

“…Invitro models of the biological effect of complex-flow stress on endothelial lining, hemodynamic aneurysm growth, aneurysm rupture, and treatments are just a few of the many instances in which researchers relied on 3D-printed models to both present and educate others on their research findings [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. The use of 3D-printed models has also been greatly successful and found to be an excellent tool in simulations, specialized training as well as patient education [ 18 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Three-dimensional printing for cardiovascular diseases: from anatomical modeling to dynamic functionality

“…The treatment and diagnosis of aneurysms and macrovascular diseases can be aided using 3D-printed models coupling with a mock circulatory system. Anderson et al [90] combined 3D printing with 4D phase contrast MRI in the visualization and quantification of blood flow characteristics in aneurysms. Hemodynamic simulation could also assess the rupture risk of aneurysm in vitro.…”