Quantification of Ultrasound Correlation‐Based Flow Velocity Mapping and Edge Velocity Gradient Measurement

Park, Dae Woo; Kruger, Grant H.; Rubin, Jonathan M.; Hamilton, James; Gottschalk, Paul G.; Dodde, Robert E.; Shih, Albert J.; Weitzel, William F.

doi:10.7863/ultra.32.10.1815

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Values of BCW ranged between approximately 200 and 500 µm and increased linearly with depth even though the L12-3 probe has an elevational focal at 20 mm. Similar calibrated BCW curves have been found in other studies [21], [34]. When the depth is over 35 mm, the calibrated BCW values start to fluctuate, which is caused by the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the deeper area and the incoherence of the beam [34].…”

Section: A An Example Of a Calibrated Bcw Curve From The Speckle Phasupporting

confidence: 80%

“…This study is the first to address that challenge by combining speckle decorrelation, 2D high-frame-rate plane wave ultrasound and microbubble contrast agents. Experiments in the flow phantom and the in vivo study of a rabbit aorta show not only that the new approach can accurately estimate flow but also that it substantially extends the upper limit of the measurable flow velocity, to above 1 m/s, compared to the 0.2 m/s obtained in previous studies that employed speckle decorrelation with conventional ultrasound techniques [21]. Such capability enables the technique to be used for measuring physiological flows in arteries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…The acoustic beam generated by the imaging system has a thickness in the elevational direction, and this allows the estimation of motion parallel to the vessel axis if the transducer is positioned to have a transverse view, as this motion will cause speckle decorrelation in the images. Although there have been many studies of speckle decorrelation (SDC) methods for 3D ultrasound imaging [13], [14], blood flow estimation [15]- [18] and the investigation of elastic tissue properties [19], [20], only a few of them focused on estimating the flow velocity or flow rate in the out-of-plane direction [17], [21], [22]. Furthermore, previous speckle decorrelation studies used only conventional, focused ultrasound; consequently, the maximum measurable velocity can only be about 0.2 m/s, which is more than an order of magnitude lower than peak physiological velocities in the cardiovascular system [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

3-D Velocity and Volume Flow Measurement $In~Vivo$ Using Speckle Decorrelation and 2-D High-Frame-Rate Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound

Zhou

Leow

Rowland

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Being able to measure 3D flow velocity and volumetric flow rate effectively in the cardiovascular system is valuable but remains a significant challenge in both clinical practice and research. Currently there has not been an effective and practical solution to the measurement of volume flow using ultrasound imaging systems due to challenges in existing 3D imaging techniques and high system cost. In this study, a new technique for quantifying volumetric flow rate from the crosssectional imaging plane of the blood vessel was developed by using speckle decorrelation, 2D high frame rate imaging with a standard 1D array transducer, microbubble contrast agents, and ultrasound imaging velocimetry (UIV). Through speckle decorrelation analysis of microbubble signals acquired with a very high frame rate and by using UIV to estimate the two in-plane flow velocity components, the third and out-of-plane velocity component can be obtained over time and integrated to estimate volume flow. The proposed technique was evaluated on a wall-less flow phantom in both steady and pulsatile flow. UIV in the longitudinal direction was conducted as a reference. The influences of frame rate, mechanical index, orientation of imaging plane, and compounding on velocity estimation were also studied. In addition, an in vivo trial on the abdominal aorta of a rabbit was conducted. The results show that the new system can estimate volume flow with an averaged error of 3.65±2.37% at a flow rate of 360 ml/min and a peak velocity of 0.45 m/s, and an error of 5.03±2.73% at a flow rate of 723 ml/min and a peak velocity of 0.8 m/s. The accuracy of the flow velocity and volumetric flow rate estimation directly depend on the imaging frame rate. With a frame rate of 6000 Hz, a velocity up to 0.8 m/s can be correctly estimated. A higher mechanical index (MI=0.42) is shown to produce greater errors (up to 21.78±0.49%, compared to 3.65±2.37% at MI=0.19). An in vivo trial, where velocities up to 1 m/s were correctly measured, demonstrated the potential of the technique in clinical applications.

show abstract

Section: A An Example Of a Calibrated Bcw Curve From The Speckle Phasupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

3-D Velocity and Volume Flow Measurement $In~Vivo$ Using Speckle Decorrelation and 2-D High-Frame-Rate Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound

Zhou

Leow

Rowland

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Doppler and correlation-based velocity measurement cannot be used in side-looking imaging systems because the imaging plane is perpendicular to the blood flow. The decorrelation-based approach [6] can be used to measure blood velocity, but this approach requires extra calibration [25], which is difficult to perform in vivo . To enable forward-viewing capability and velocity measurement as well as to boost the frame rate of a combined IVPA and IVUS imaging system, a forward-looking transducer array can be used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An FPGA-Based Backend System for Intravascular Photoacoustic and Ultrasound Imaging

Sanders

Zhang

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The integration of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and intravascular photoacoustic (IVPA) imaging produces an imaging modality with high sensitivity and specificity which is particularly needed in interventional cardiology. Conventional side-looking IVUS imaging with a single-element ultrasound (US) transducer lacks forward-viewing capability, which limits the application of this imaging mode in intravascular intervention guidance, Doppler-based flow measurement, and visualization of nearly or totally blocked arteries. For both side-looking and forward-looking imaging, the necessity to mechanically scan the US transducer limits the imaging frame rate, and therefore array-based solutions are desired. In this paper, we present a low-cost, compact, high-speed, and programmable imaging system based on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) suitable for dual-mode forward-looking IVUS/IVPA imaging. The system has 16 US transmit and receive channels and functions in multiple modes including interleaved photoacoustic (PA) and US imaging, hardware-based high-frame-rate US imaging, software-driven US imaging, and velocity measurement. The system is implemented in the register-transfer level, and the central system controller is implemented as a finite state machine. The system was tested with a capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) array. A 170-frames-per-second (FPS) US imaging frame rate is achieved in the hardware-based high-frame-rate US imaging mode while the interleaved PA and US imaging mode operates at a 60-FPS US and a laser-limited 20-FPS PA imaging frame rate. The performance of the system benefits from the flexibility and efficiency provided by low-level implementation. The resulting system provides a convenient backend platform for research and clinical IVPA and IVUS imaging.

show abstract

“…Considering the literature on ultrasound speckle decorrelation for flow speed measurements in medical applications, it has been found that velocity estimations are strongly dependent on the noise of the data [25,26], a point that has not been addressed in speckle OCT systematically. Interestingly, we are aware of only a recent study that approaches the issue of a thorough validation of ultrasound speckle decorrelation measurements [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative technique for robust and noise-tolerant speed measurements based on speckle decorrelation in optical coherence tomography

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Intensity-based techniques in optical coherence tomography (OCT), such as those based on speckle decorrelation, have attracted great interest for biomedical and industrial applications requiring speed or flow information. In this work we present a rigorous analysis of the effects of noise on speckle decorrelation, demonstrate that these effects frustrate accurate speed quantitation, and propose new techniques that achieve quantitative and repeatable measurements. First, we derive the effect of background noise on the speckle autocorrelation function, finding two detrimental effects of noise. We propose a new autocorrelation function that is immune to the main effect of background noise and permits quantitative measurements at high and moderate signal-to-noise ratios. At the same time, this autocorrelation function is able to provide motion contrast information that accurately identifies areas with movement, similar to speckle variance techniques. In order to extend the SNR range, we quantify and model the second effect of background noise on the autocorrelation function through a calibration. By obtaining an explicit expression for the decorrelation time as a function of speed and diffusion, we show how to use our autocorrelation function and noise calibration to measure a flowing liquid. We obtain accurate results, which are validated by Doppler OCT, and demonstrate a very high dynamic range (> 600 mm/s) compared to that of Doppler OCT (±25 mm/s). We also derive the behavior for low flows, and show that there is an inherent non-linearity in speed measurements in the presence of diffusion due to statistical fluctuations of speckle. Our technique allows quantitative and robust measurements of speeds using OCT, and this work delimits precisely the conditions in which it is accurate.

show abstract

Quantification of Ultrasound Correlation‐Based Flow Velocity Mapping and Edge Velocity Gradient Measurement

Cited by 15 publications

References 30 publications

3-D Velocity and Volume Flow Measurement $In~Vivo$ Using Speckle Decorrelation and 2-D High-Frame-Rate Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound

3-D Velocity and Volume Flow Measurement $In~Vivo$ Using Speckle Decorrelation and 2-D High-Frame-Rate Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound

An FPGA-Based Backend System for Intravascular Photoacoustic and Ultrasound Imaging

Quantitative technique for robust and noise-tolerant speed measurements based on speckle decorrelation in optical coherence tomography

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About