Quantification of transformation products of rocket fuel unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine in air using solid‐phase microextraction

Abstract

Quantification of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine transformation products in ambient air is important for assessing the environmental impact of heavy rocket launches. There are very little data of such analyses, which is mainly caused by the low number of analytes covered by the available analytical methods and their complexity. A simple and cost‐efficient method for accurate simultaneous determination of seven unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine transformation products in air using solid‐phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry was developed. The method was optimized for air sampling and solid‐phase microextraction from 20‐mL vials, which allows full automation of analysis. The extraction for 5 min by Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber from amber vials and desorption for 3 min provided the greatest analytes' responses, lowest relative standard deviations, linear calibration (R2 ≥ 0.99), and limits of detection from 0.12 to 0.5 μg/m3. Samples with concentrations 500 μg/m3 can be stored at 21 ± 1°C without substantial losses (1–11%) for up to 24 h, while air samples with concentrations 10 and 50 μg/m3 stored for up to 24 h can be used for accurate quantification of only two and four out of seven analytes, respectively. The developed method was successfully tested for the analysis of air above real soil samples contaminated with unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine rocket fuel.

Insights into the Reaction Kinetics of Hydrazine-Based Fuels: A Comprehensive Review of Theoretical and Experimental Methods

“…Overall, the studies provide valuable information for environmental monitoring and risk assessment related to rocket launches. Bukenov et al [95] studied the use of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to detect and quantify transformation products of rocket fuel unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) in air samples. The study identified several essential transformation products of UDMH in air, including 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde.…”