Quantification of tire wear particles in road dust from industrial and residential areas in Seoul, Korea

Youn, Jong-Chan; Kim, Young‐Min; Siddiqui, Muhammad Zain; Watanabe, Atsushi; Han, Se-Hyun; Jeong, Sangmin; Jung, Yongwon; Jeon, Ki‐Joon

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147177

Cited by 45 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the particles smaller than 1 mm, individual identifications of TRWPs were challenging due to the interference caused by soil debris, dust, and biomass which are extracted out during filtration. 84 Further, it is difficult to place particles/TRWPs smaller than 1 mm onto the diamond crystal of the ATR accessory. 85 Therefore, for particles less than 1 mm, the next stage after filtration involved the Soxhlet extraction of the filtered residue using tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent for 24 h. Several reports have also used dichloromethane, xylene, or trichlorobenzene.…”

Section: Environmentalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Method Development for Separation and Analysis of Tire and Road Wear Particles from Roadside Soil Samples

Thomas

Moosavian

Cutright

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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A comprehensive understanding of tire and road wear particles (TRWPs) and their detection and quantification in soils is still challenged by the lack of well-set standardized methods, inherent technological inconsistencies, and generalized protocols. Our protocol includes soil sampling, size separation, and organic matter removal by using hydrogen peroxide followed by density separation and analysis. In this context, roadside soil samples from different sites in Kansas and Ohio, USA, were collected and analyzed. Tire cryogrinds analogous to TRWPs were used to evaluate various density separation media, and collected particles more than 1 mm in size were then subjected to infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) to confirm TRWP presence. Particles smaller than 1 mm were Soxhlet extracted, followed by gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC−MS) to validate the presence of tirerelated intermediates. SEM-EDX validated the presence of elemental combinations (S + Zn/Na) ± (Al, Ca, Mg, K, Si) attributed to tires. Ketones, carboxylic acids, epoxies, cyclohexane, and benzothiazole sulfenamide (BTS) intermediates were the most probable tire-related intermediates observed in the roadside soil samples. Thus, this simple, widely applicable, cost-effective sample preparation protocol for TRWP analysis can assist TRWP research advancement in terrestrial environments.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmentalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method Development for Separation and Analysis of Tire and Road Wear Particles from Roadside Soil Samples

Thomas

Moosavian

Cutright

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Previously published studies on TWP in road dust samples have mainly used thermal methods for quantification (e.g., Kreider et al, 2010;Kumata et al, 2000Kumata et al, , 2011Parker-Jurd et al, 2021;Rogge et al, 2012;Unice et al, 2013;Youn et al, 2021), which make it difficult to compare the results with the present study due to different size ranges, set-ups, sample preparations, and units used.…”

Section: Particle Size Distribution and Relative Proportion Of The Di...mentioning

confidence: 97%

Differentiating and Quantifying Carbonaceous (Tire, Bitumen, and Road Marking Wear) and Non-carbonaceous (Metals, Minerals, and Glass Beads) Non-exhaust Particles in Road Dust Samples from a Traffic Environment

Järlskog

Jaramillo‐Vogel²,

Rausch³

et al. 2022

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Tires, bitumen, and road markings are important sources of traffic-derived carbonaceous wear particles and microplastic (MP) pollution. In this study, we further developed a machine-learning algorithm coupled to an automated scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) analytical approach to classify and quantify the relative number of the following subclasses contained in environmental road dust: tire wear particles (TWP), bitumen wear particles (BiWP), road markings, reflecting glass beads, metallics, minerals, and biogenic/organics. The method is non-destructive, rapid, repeatable, and enables information about the size, shape, and elemental composition of particles 2–125 µm. The results showed that the method enabled differentiation between TWP and BiWP for particles > 20 µm with satisfying results. Furthermore, the relative number concentration of the subclasses was similar in both analyzed size fractions (2–20 µm and 20–125 µm), with minerals as the most dominant subclass (2–20 µm x̄ = 78%, 20–125 µm x̄ = 74%) followed by tire and bitumen wear particles, TBiWP, (2–20 µm x̄ = 19%, 20–125 µm x̄ = 22%). Road marking wear, glass beads, and metal wear contributed to x̄ = 1%, x̄ = 0.1%, and x̄ = 1% in the 2–20-µm fraction and to x̄ = 0.5%, x̄ = 0.2%, and x̄ = 0.4% in the 20–125-µm fraction. The present results show that road dust appreciably consists of TWP and BiWP within both the coarse and the fine size fraction. The study delivers quantitative evidence of the importance of tires, bitumen, road marking, and glass beads besides minerals and metals to wear particles and MP pollution in traffic environments based on environmental (real-world) samples

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“…One of the promising techniques for fast and comparable airborne MP identification is coupled pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS), which is now more frequently used to characterise MP in the environment [38], although primarily to characterise the particles individually, with the main methods used based on microscopic analysis combined with infra-red or Raman spectroscopies. According to researchers, there is considerable room for improvement in the quality of quantitative analysis with Py-GC-MS [39], whereby the procedures require further development. The selection and separation of indicator ions has proven to be challenging when MPs exist in complex mixtures of biopolymers [40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne Microplastic in the Atmospheric Deposition, How to Identify and Quantify the Threat? Novel Semi-quantitative Approach based on Kraków Case Study

Jarosz¹,

Janus²,

Wądrzyk³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Airborne microplastic (MP) is an emerging pollutant, still under-characterised and insufficiently understood. Detailed description of MP air pollution is crucial as it has been identified in human lungs and remote locations, highlighting atmosphere as medium of MP dispersion and transportation. The lack of standardization of methods for measuring and further monitoring of the MP pollution is an obstacle towards the assessment of health risks. Since the first recognition of MP presence in the atmosphere of Krakow in 2019, this research was conducted to further characterise and develop the methods for qualitative and quantitative analysis of airborne MP (ATR-FTIR, Pyr-GC-MS, SEM-EDS) and pre-treatment of samples.The data was gathered in seven cycles, from June 2019 to February 2020. Methods used in the study allowed the identification and analysis of the changing ratio of the different types of synthetic polymers identified in the atmospheric fallout (LDPE, Nyl-66, PE, PET, PP, PUR). Observations of interactions between MP particles and environment were made with analyses of surface changes due to the degradation. Mineral phases attached to the MPs’ surfaces, with some of the inorganic contaminants transported on these surfaces, determined to also be of anthropogenic origin.Methodology proposed in this study, allows further characterisation of MP from multiple locations to provide highly comparable data, leading to the identification of the sources of this phenomenon, as well as seasonal changes.

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Quantification of tire wear particles in road dust from industrial and residential areas in Seoul, Korea

Cited by 45 publications

References 30 publications

Method Development for Separation and Analysis of Tire and Road Wear Particles from Roadside Soil Samples

Method Development for Separation and Analysis of Tire and Road Wear Particles from Roadside Soil Samples

Differentiating and Quantifying Carbonaceous (Tire, Bitumen, and Road Marking Wear) and Non-carbonaceous (Metals, Minerals, and Glass Beads) Non-exhaust Particles in Road Dust Samples from a Traffic Environment

Airborne Microplastic in the Atmospheric Deposition, How to Identify and Quantify the Threat? Novel Semi-quantitative Approach based on Kraków Case Study

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