Quantification of theobromine and caffeine in saliva, plasma and urine via liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: A single analytical protocol applicable to cocoa intervention studies

Ptolemy, Adam S.; Tzioumis, Emma; Thomke, Arjun; Rifai, Sami W.; Kellogg, Mark D.

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.12.019

Cited by 73 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Several HPLC methods have been utilized to measure urinary caffeine and its metabolites, including theobromine [17][18][19][20]. Most of these methods require prior solid phase extraction, with UV or mass spectrometry detection of theobromine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HPLC method for urinary theobromine determination: Effect of consumption of cocoa products on theobromine urinary excretion in children

Rodríguez

Costa-Bauzà

Sáez-Torres

et al. 2015

Clinical Biochemistry

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methods are therefore needed to easily determine theobromine concentrations in urine. The most widely used method is HPLC, with detection by UV absorbance or mass spectrometry [17][18][19][20]. However, solid phase extraction is usually needed to purify urine samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HPLC method for urinary theobromine determination: Effect of consumption of cocoa products on theobromine urinary excretion in children

Rodríguez

Costa-Bauzà

Sáez-Torres

et al. 2015

Clinical Biochemistry

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“…After all samples were collected, they were shipped overnight in coolers with dry ice to the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston. The samples were analyzed for theobromine, caffeine and paraxanthine with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using previously described methods [35].…”

Section: Salivary Caffeine Theobromine and Paraxanthine Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute effects of brewed cocoa consumption on attention, motivation to perform cognitive work and feelings of anxiety, energy and fatigue: a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover experiment

et al. 2017

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Background: Acute effects of caffeinated and non-caffeinated cocoa on mood, motivation, and cognitive function are not well characterized. The current study examined the acute influence of brewed cocoa, alone and with supplemental caffeine, on attention, motivation to perform cognitive tasks and energy and fatigue mood states. Methods: A randomized, double-blinded, within-subjects crossover trial was conducted with four 473-milliliter brewed beverage treatments: cocoa, caffeinated cocoa (70 milligrams caffeine total), placebo (flavored and colored brewed water) and positive control (placebo plus 66 milligrams caffeine, "caffeine alone"). Participants (n = 24) were low consumers of polyphenols without elevated feelings of energy. Before and three times after beverage consumption, a 26-minute battery was used to assess motivation to perform cognitive tasks, mood and attention (serial subtractions of 3 and 7, the continuous performance task, and the Bakan dual task) with a 10-minute break between each postconsumption battery. The procedure was repeated with each beverage for each participant at least 48 h apart and ±30 min the same time of day. Data were evaluated using Treatment X Time analysis of covariance controlling for hours of prior night's sleep. Results: Compared to placebo, cocoa reduced overall false alarm errors progressively across time with 0.92, 1.44 and 2.35 fewer false alarms on average 22-48, 60-86 and 98-124 min post-consumption (η 2 = 0.08, p = 0.019). Caffeinated cocoa: (i) attenuated the anxiety-provoking effects of cognitive testing found after drinking caffeine alone (η 2 = 0.064, p = 0.038), and (ii) increased accuracy (η 2 = 0.085, p = 0.01) and reduced omission errors (η 2 = 0.077, p = 0.016) on the Bakan primary task compared to cocoa alone.

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“…The filtrate was subjected to reversed-phase liquid chromatography using a Develosil 3u Combi-RP C30 140A, 50 ×4.6-mm analytical column at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min with an analysis time of 6 min. For a more detailed description of the chromatography methods used, see Ptolemy et al (2010).…”

Section: Cognitive Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coffee, but not caffeine, has positive effects on cognition and psychomotor behavior in aging

Shukitt‐Hale

Miller

Chu

et al. 2013

AGE

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The complex mixture of phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables provides protective health benefits, mainly through additive and/or synergistic effects. The presence of several bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols and caffeine, implicates coffee as a potential nutritional therapeutic in aging. Moderate (three to five cups a day) coffee consumption in humans is associated with a significant decrease in the risk of developing certain chronic diseases. However, the ability of coffee supplementation to improve cognitive function in aged individuals and the effect of the individual components in coffee, such as caffeine, have not been fully evaluated. We fed aged rats (19 months) one of five coffeesupplemented diets (0, 0.165, 0.275, 0.55, and 0.825 % of the diet) for 8 weeks prior to motor and cognitive behavior assessment. Aged rats supplemented with a 0.55 % coffee diet, equivalent to ten cups of coffee, performed better in psychomotor testing (rotarod) and in a working memory task (Morris water maze) compared to aged rats fed a control diet. A diet with 0.55 % coffee appeared to be optimal. The 0.165 % coffeesupplemented group (three cups) showed some improvement in reference memory performance in the Morris water maze. In a subsequent study, the effects of caffeine alone did not account for the performance improvements, showing that the neuroprotective benefits of coffee are not due to caffeine alone, but rather to other bioactive compounds in coffee. Therefore, coffee, in achievable amounts, may reduce both motor and cognitive deficits in aging.

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Quantification of theobromine and caffeine in saliva, plasma and urine via liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: A single analytical protocol applicable to cocoa intervention studies

Cited by 73 publications

References 52 publications

HPLC method for urinary theobromine determination: Effect of consumption of cocoa products on theobromine urinary excretion in children

HPLC method for urinary theobromine determination: Effect of consumption of cocoa products on theobromine urinary excretion in children

Acute effects of brewed cocoa consumption on attention, motivation to perform cognitive work and feelings of anxiety, energy and fatigue: a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover experiment

Coffee, but not caffeine, has positive effects on cognition and psychomotor behavior in aging

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