Quantification of the Relationship between Crossed and Uncrossed Acoustic Reflex Amplitudes

Hall, James W.

doi:10.1097/00003446-198211000-00002

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Generally, amplitudes for IL responses were larger than for CL responses, and this was true for both left and right ears [Fig. ; see also Hall III, ]. For the autistic subjects, ASR amplitudes ranged from 0.02 to 0.23 mL, and we observed a similar trend that IL amplitudes were larger than those for CL responses (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Quantification of the Stapedial Reflex Reveals Delayed Responses in Autism

Lukose

Brown

Barber³

et al. 2013

Autism Research

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Autism is a developmental disorder characterized, in part, by sensory abnormalities. It is well established that most if not all patients with autism have problems with auditory processing, ranging from deafness to hyperacusis, and physiological testing of auditory function (i.e. auditory brain stem responses) implicates brain stem dysfunction in autism. Additionally, previous research from this lab has revealed significantly fewer auditory brain stem neurons in autistic subjects as young as 2 years of age. These observations have led us to hypothesize that objective, noninvasive measures of auditory function can be used as an early screening tool to identify neonates with an elevated risk of carrying a diagnosis of autism. Here, we provide a detailed quantitative investigation of the acoustic stapedial reflex (ASR), a three- or four-neuron brain stem circuit, in young autistic subjects and normal developing controls. Indeed, we find significantly lower thresholds, responses occurring at significantly longer latency and right-left asymmetry in autistic subjects. The results from this investigation support deficits in auditory function as a cardinal feature of autism and suggest that individuals with autism can be identified by their ASR responses.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Quantification of the Stapedial Reflex Reveals Delayed Responses in Autism

Lukose

Brown

Barber³

et al. 2013

Autism Research

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“…As has been shown in other studies, the ASR amplitude growth function for the BBN was shallower than that for the tonal stimulus activators [36,48,49,50]. The ipsilateral/contralateral amplitude growth ratios observed in this study were consistent with the response pattern seen in normal non-Pb exposed populations [50,51]. These findings suggest that the neurons activated in the ASR from the 8th nerve through the brainstem continued to increase in number and exhibited normal temporal and spatial processing as the intensity of the stimulus activators was increased.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Assessment of auditory brainstem function in lead-exposed children using stapedius muscle reflexes

Counter

Buchanan

Ortega

et al. 2011

Journal of the Neurological Sciences

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the neurological integrity and physiological status of the auditory brainstem tracts and nuclei in children with chronic lead (Pb) exposure using non-invasive acoustic stapedius reflex (ASR) measurements of afferent and efferent-neuromuscular auditory function. Following audiological examinations, uncrossed (ipsilateral) and crossed (contralateral) brainstem ASR responses were evoked by pure tone (500, 1000, and 2000 Hz), and broadband noise (bandwidth: 125-4000 Hz) stimulus activators. The ASR threshold (ASRT), amplitude growth, and decay/fatigue were measured by conventional clinical middle ear immittance methods in a group of Andean children (age range: 2-18 years) with a history of chronic environmental Pb exposure from occupational Pb glazing. Blood lead (PbB) levels of the study group (n = 117) ranged from 4.0 to 83.7 μg/dL with a mean PbB level of 33.5 μg/dL (SD: 23.6; median: 33.0: CDC III Classification). The PbB distribution data indicated that 77.8% (n = 91) of the children had PbB levels greater than the CDC action line of 10 μg/dL. Repeatable, normal ASRTs were elicited for ipsilateral (mean: < 90 dB HL) and contralateral (mean: < 97 dB HL) stimulation for each acoustic activator. Spearman Rho correlation analysis indicated no significant association between PbB level and ipsilateral or contralateral ASRT for any of the stimulus activators. The ASR amplitude growth results showed typical growth functions with no Pb-associated aberrations. No statistical association was found between ASR decay/adaptation (ASRD) and PbB level for any of the stimulus activators. The results of stapedius muscle reflex testing using several stimulus activators showed no significant relationship between PbB level and the physiological integrity of the auditory brainstem mediated ASR responses in children with chronic Pb exposure and elevated PbB levels.

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“…Duration dependent slope differences that we observed in our MIFs have been previously reported for the crossed (Jerger et al, 1977;Lutman and Martin, 1977;Gelfand et al, 1981 ) and uncrossed reflex (M611er, 1962). Suprathreshold asymmetries in crossed and uncrossed reflex magnitude ha.ve also been reported for ear canal acoustic immittance measurements (e.g., M611er, 1961, 1962Borg and M611er, 1968;Jerger et al, 1978;Hall, 1982;Houghton et al, 1988 ) and for stapedius EMG activity (Guinan and McCue, 1987).…”

Section: B Suprathreshold Effectsmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…This effect has been shown in ear canal acoustic immittance studio• in humans (e.g. M611er, 1962; Tor,,or ,,t a!., 1978; Hall, 1982), as well as from EMG activity recorded directly from stapedius muscle in cats (Guinan and McCue, 1987).…”

Section: A Threshold Effectsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Threshold and suprathreshold temporal integration effects in the crossed and uncrossed human acoustic stapedius reflex

Cacace

Margolis

Relkin

1991

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Threshold and suprathreshold temporal integration (TI) effects were studied in the crossed and uncrossed human acoustic stapedius reflex. Changes in reflex threshold were compared at four stimulus durations and for six threshold response criteria; suprathreshold effects were similarly compared at four stimulus durations and at five stimulus sound-pressure levels. Our results showed that reflex thresholds were significantly lower for the uncrossed condition and for longer duration stimuli. Both effects were dependent on threshold response criteria. Threshold TI measurements in both crossed and uncrossed conditions were equivalent at low criterion levels (0%-4%, p greater than 0.05) but were significantly larger in the crossed condition at higher criterion levels (5%-6%, p less than 0.05). Prominent suprathreshold effects also occurred. The main effect was characterized by significantly larger reflex magnitudes in the uncrossed condition. Duration dependent slope differences in magnitude intensity functions (MIFs) were also observed and were characterized by steeper slopes for longer duration stimuli. Saturation effects and/or intensity-dependent slope decelerations in MIFs were predominant in the uncrossed condition and for stimulus durations exceeding 20 ms. These data provide further quantitative evidence for asymmetric threshold and suprathreshold response properties of the crossed and uncrossed human acoustic stapedius reflex and demonstrate the dependence of these effects on stimuli of different durations.

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Quantification of the Relationship between Crossed and Uncrossed Acoustic Reflex Amplitudes

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Quantification of the Stapedial Reflex Reveals Delayed Responses in Autism

Quantification of the Stapedial Reflex Reveals Delayed Responses in Autism

Assessment of auditory brainstem function in lead-exposed children using stapedius muscle reflexes

Threshold and suprathreshold temporal integration effects in the crossed and uncrossed human acoustic stapedius reflex

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