Quantification of soil biopore density after perennial fodder cropping

Han, Eusun; Kautz, Timo; Perkons, Ute; Lüsebrink, Marcel; Pude, Ralf; Köpke, Ulrich

doi:10.1007/s11104-015-2488-3

Cited by 48 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…As previously reported, deep-rooting capacity and bigger root size affected formation of large sized pores (Materechera et al 1992;McCallum et al 2004;Han et al 2015) resulting in higher frequency of biopore presence after cultivation of the taprooted preceding crop. Overall frequency of biopore presence in vertical soil profile at the study site is in agreement with previous findings (e.g., Ehlers 1975;Wuest 2001) that also reported on low proportion of biopore volume to total soil volume (e.g., >0.2 %) as a function of tillage.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Large taproots can penetrate the compact subsoil (Materechera et al 1992), create and leave round-shaped void channels (McCallum et al 2004;Han et al 2015), otherwise called biopores (>2 mm in diameter; Kautz 2014), after the root materials are decayed (Jones et al 2014;Kautz et al 2014). Biopores can be used as preferential pathways for root growth (Valentine et al 2012;Kautz 2014) and give plants access to the subsoil resources (Kautz et al 2013a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Root growth dynamics inside and outside of soil biopores as affected by crop sequence determined with the profile wall method

et al. 2015

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Taprooting crop species are capable of creating soil biopores (>2 mm in diameter) in the subsoil due to their large root size and deep-rooting habit. The aim of this study was to quantify root growth dynamics of wheat in the subsoil during its complete growth season as affected by crop sequence. Temporal observation on root length (km m −2 ) of wheat inside and outside of biopores at four growth stages (tillering, booting, anthesis, and milk) was conducted by using the profile wall method under the two crop sequence treatments involving two precrops, viz., chicory and tall fescue. Frequency of biopore presence measured on vertical profile walls depended on the choice of precrops in which chicory precrop resulted in higher frequency (2.3 %) compared with tall fescue (1.5 %). Root length of wheat measured inside biopores was significantly higher when grown after chicory (0.024 km m −2 ) in comparison to tall fescue (0.006 km m −2 ). On average, root length outside biopores after growing chicory was 45.9 % higher than tall fescue until the stage of anthesis. We conclude that at the site under study biopores as pathways for rapid root growth into deeper soil layers allow roots to re-enter and explore the subsoil. Thus, cereals cultivated in rotation with taprooted crops can draw benefit from enhanced uptake of water and nutrients from deeper soil layers during early growth stages. Model simulations with various abiotic and biotic factors will be helpful to reveal the direct evidence of biopore-root-shoot relationship in the future.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root growth dynamics inside and outside of soil biopores as affected by crop sequence determined with the profile wall method

et al. 2015

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“…The density of vertical pores is equivalent to approximately 210 pores m −2 , corresponding to a density of approximately 149 -256 coarse pores m −2 previously reported for the soil under study [25]. Artificial pores created with an electric drill can have surface properties different from natural pores.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 66%

Effects of Continuous Vertical Soil Pores on Root and Shoot Growth of Winter Wheat: A Microcosm Study

Dresemann¹,

Athmann²,

Heringer³

et al. 2018

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Round shaped, continuous vertical pores (CVPs) in the soil are typically created by roots and earthworms. CVPs with diameters > 2 mm are abundant in many agricultural soils. We hypothesized that potential effects of CVPs on shoot growth of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) increase with: 1) decreasing availability of water and 2) decreasing availability of nutrients in the topsoil. We conducted a microcosm experiment with different irrigation regimes (Irr+/Irr−) and P concentrations (P+/P−), with or without artificially created continuous vertical pores (CVP+/CVP−). Winter wheat was cultivated for 16 weeks. In the bulk soil, presence of CVPs resulted in decreased root length in 20 -40 cm but increased root length in 40 -60 cm soil depth. In general, total root length of winter wheat in 20 -60 cm soil depth was higher when CVPs were present or when P concentrations in the topsoil were elevated. Presence of CVPs generally had a positive effect on shoot dry matter and N uptake of wheat. In columns with high phosphorous concentrations but low soil moisture in the topsoil, presence of CVPs increased shoot dry matter by 66%; in contrast, the beneficial effect of CVPs on shoot dry matter was only 39% in columns with high nutrient concentrations and high soil moisture in the topsoil. In total numbers, however, the effect of CVPs on P uptake into the shoot was more pronounced when P concentrations in the topsoil were elevated. We conclude that CVPs can promote the exploration of the solid soil phase by high root-length densities, but adequate nutrient supply in the topsoil is essential.

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“…Biopore Images. Biopore images were collected near Meckenheim (50 • 37 9 N 6 • 59 29 E) at a field trial of University of Bonn in 2012 (see (45) for a detailed description).…”

Section: A Datasetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

RootPainter: Deep Learning Segmentation of Biological Images with Corrective Annotation

Smith

Han

Petersen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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We present RootPainter, a GUI-based software tool for the rapid training of deep neural networks for use in biological image analysis. RootPainter facilitates both fully-automatic and semiautomatic image segmentation. We investigate the effectiveness of RootPainter using three plant image datasets, evaluating its potential for root length extraction from chicory roots in soil, biopore counting and root nodule counting from scanned roots. We also use RootPainter to compare dense annotations to corrective ones which are added during the training based on the weaknesses of the current model. Deep Learning | GUI | Segmentation | Phenotyping | Biopore | Rhizotron | Root nodule | Interactive segmentation Correspondence: ags@di.ku.dk Fig. 1. RootPainter corrective annotation concept. (a) Roots in soil. (b) AI root predictions. (c) Human corrections. (d) AI learns from corrections. Smith et al. | bioRχiv | April 16, 2020 | 1-16

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Quantification of soil biopore density after perennial fodder cropping

Cited by 48 publications

References 78 publications

Root growth dynamics inside and outside of soil biopores as affected by crop sequence determined with the profile wall method

Root growth dynamics inside and outside of soil biopores as affected by crop sequence determined with the profile wall method

Effects of Continuous Vertical Soil Pores on Root and Shoot Growth of Winter Wheat: A Microcosm Study

RootPainter: Deep Learning Segmentation of Biological Images with Corrective Annotation

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