Quantification of Seasonal-Long Physical Load in Soccer Players With Different Starting Status From the English Premier League: Implications for Maintaining Squad Physical Fitness

Anderson, Liam; Orme, Patrick; Michele, Rocco Di; Close, Graeme L.; Milsom, Jordan; Morgans, Ryland; Drust, Barry; Morton, James P.

doi:10.1123/ijspp.2015-0672

Cited by 118 publications

(134 citation statements)

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“…For example, Varley et al, [32] reported that a 10 Hz GPS unit was two to three times more accurate for instantaneous velocity during tasks completed at a range of velocities compared to a criterion measure, 6 times more reliable for measuring maximum instantaneous velocity and had a coefficient of variation less than or similar to the calculated smallest worthwhile change [33] during all phases of acceleration/deceleration. More specifically this brand of GPS devices has been used in team sports to assess movement demands during training and competitive matches [13, 34–39]. In our study, all participants were already familiarized with the devices as part of their day-to-day training and playing practices.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movement Demands of Elite Under-20s and Senior International Rugby Union Players

et al. 2016

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This study compared the movement demands of elite international Under-20 age grade (U20s) and senior international rugby union players during competitive tournament match play. Forty elite professional players from an U20 and 27 elite professional senior players from international performance squads were monitored using 10Hz global positioning systems (GPS) during 15 (U20s) and 8 (senior) international tournament matches during the 2014 and 2015 seasons. Data on distances, velocities, accelerations, decelerations, high metabolic load (HML) distance and efforts, and number of sprints were derived. Data files from players who played over 60 min (n = 258) were separated firstly into Forwards and Backs, and more specifically into six positional groups; FR–Front Row (prop & hooker), SR–Second Row, BR–Back Row (Flankers & No.8), HB–Half Backs (scrum half & outside half), MF–Midfield (centres), B3 –Back Three (wings & full back) for match analysis. Linear mixed models revealed significant differences between U20 and senior teams in both the forwards and backs. In the forwards the seniors covered greater HML distance (736.4 ± 280.3 vs 701.3 ± 198.7m, p = 0.01) and severe decelerations (2.38 ± 2.2 vs 2.28 ± 1.65, p = 0.05) compared to the U20s, but performed less relative HSR (3.1 ± 1.6 vs 3.2 ± 1.5, p < 0.01), moderate (19.4 ± 10.5 vs 23.6 ± 10.5, p = 0.01) and high accelerations (2.2 ± 1.9 vs 4.3 ± 2.7, p < 0.01) and sprint•min-1 (0.11 ± 0.06 vs 0.11 ± 0.05, p < 0.01). Senior backs covered a greater relative distance (73.3 ± 8.1 vs 69.1 ± 7.6 m•min-1, p < 0.01), greater High Metabolic Load (HML) distance (1138.0 ± 233.5 vs 1060.4 ± 218.1m, p < 0.01), HML efforts (112.7 ± 22.2 vs 98.8 ± 21.7, p < 0.01) and heavy decelerations (9.9 ± 4.3 vs 9.5 ± 4.4, p = 0.04) than the U20s backs. However, the U20s backs performed more relative HSR (7.3 ± 2.1 vs 7.2 ± 2.1, p <0.01) and sprint•min-1 (0.26 ± 0.07 vs 0.25 ± 0.07, p < 0.01). Further investigation highlighted differences between the 6 positional groups of the teams. The positional groups that differed the most on the variables measured were the FR and MF groups, with the U20s FR having higher outputs on HSR, moderate & high accelerations, moderate, high & severe decelerations, HML distance, HML efforts, and sprints•min-1. For the MF group the senior players produced greater values for relative distance covered, HSR, moderate decelerations, HML distance and sprint•min-1. The BR position group was most similar with the only differences seen on heavy accelerations (U20s higher) and moderate decelerations (seniors higher). Findings demonstrate that U20s internationals appear to be an adequate ‘stepping stone’ for preparing players for movement characteristics found senior International rugby, however, the current study highlight for the first time that certain positional groups may require more time to be able to match the movement demands required at a higher playing level than others. Conditioning staff must also bear in mind that the U20s players whilst maintaining or improvin...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movement Demands of Elite Under-20s and Senior International Rugby Union Players

et al. 2016

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“…During the in-season competition period, players rotate around weekly cycles comprising one to two matches (very high load) interspersed with training sessions (moderate to high load) and recovery sessions. 22,31,32 This cycle of daily loading peaks and-troughs within a short time frame may, therefore, only lead to changes in fatigue status that are largely representative of the previous days training. The influence of accumulated training load on morning measured perceived fatigue may be more relevant to endurance based sports where load is distributed and sustained over extended training blocks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Changes in Acute Training Load on Daily Sensitivity of Morning-Measured Fatigue Variables in Elite Soccer Players

Thorpe¹,

Strudwick²,

Buchheit³

et al. 2017

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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Purpose:To determine the sensitivity of a range of potential fatigue measures to daily training load accumulated over the previous 2, 3, and 4 d during a short in-season competitive period in elite senior soccer players (N = 10). Methods: Total highspeed-running distance, perceived ratings of wellness (fatigue, muscle soreness, sleep quality), countermovement-jump height (CMJ), submaximal heart rate (HRex), postexercise heart-rate recovery (HRR), and heart-rate variability (HRV: Ln rMSSD) were analyzed during an in-season competitive period (17 d). General linear models were used to evaluate the influence of 2-, 3-, and 4-d total high-speed-running-distance accumulation on fatigue measures. Results: Fluctuations in perceived ratings of fatigue were correlated with fluctuations in total high-speed-running-distance accumulation covered on the previous 2 d (r = -.31; small), 3 d (r = -.42; moderate), and 4 d (r = -.28; small) (P < .05). Changes in HRex (r = .28; small; P = .02) were correlated with changes in 4-d total high-speed-running-distance accumulation only. Correlations between variability in muscle soreness, sleep quality, CMJ, HRR%, and HRV and total high-speed-running distance were negligible and not statistically significant for all accumulation training loads. Conclusions: Perceived ratings of fatigue and HRex were sensitive to fluctuations in acute total high-speed-running-distance accumulation, although sensitivity was not systematically influenced by the number of previous days over which the training load was accumulated. The present findings indicate that the sensitivity of morning-measured fatigue variables to changes in training load is generally not improved when compared with training loads beyond the previous day's training. Keywords: training, performance, wellness, recoveryThe locomotor demands of elite soccer have progressively increased in recent years. 1,2 Since leading teams are also required to compete in a high number of matches over the course of season, 3 implementation of effective recovery strategies are paramount to avoid the debilitating effects associated with overtraining and injury. 4 Increasing attention in the literature has therefore focused on evaluating the effectiveness of a range of monitoring tools that may serve as valid indicators of fatigue status of athletes. 5 For the purpose of this manuscript, fatigue will be defined as an inability to complete a task that was once achievable within a recent time frame. 6 Recent research has examined the sensitivity of potential measures of fatigue to daily fluctuations in training load in Australian Rules Football (AFL). 7,8 In AFL players, perceived ratings of wellness, 7,8 submaximal heart rate (HRex), 7 and an index (LnSD1) of vagal-related heart-rate variability (HRV) 7 were sensitive to the fluctuations in daily training load during a preseason training period. Similarly, in elite soccer players competing in the English Premier League (EPL), 9 both rating of perceived fatigue and vagal related HRV measure Ln rMSSD were mo...

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“…In football, some athletes have a relative under-loading of external loads prior to injury,25 as can be observed in fringe and non-selected players accumulating lower training volumes across a season 26. Equally, in cricket, fast bowlers who have an ACWR <0.50 display increased risk of injury compared to those with a higher ratio (ACWR, 0.5–0.99) 22…”

Section: Prevention Based On Risk Factors For Developing a Sports Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sports-related workload and injury risk: simply knowing the risks will not prevent injuries: Narrative review

Drew¹,

Cook

Finch

2016

Br J Sports Med

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Training loads contribute to sports injury risk but their mitigation has rarely been considered in a sports injury prevention framework. A key concept behind monitoring training loads for injury prevention is to screen for those at increased risk of injury so that workloads can be adjusted to minimise these risks. This review describes how advances in management of workload can be applied as a preventive measure. Primary prevention involves screening for preparticipation load risk factors, such as low training loads, prior to a training period or competition. Secondary prevention involves screening for workloads that are known to precede an injury developing so that modification can be undertaken to mitigate this risk. Tertiary prevention involves rehabilitation practices that include a graded return to training programme to reduce the risk of sustaining a subsequent injury. The association of training loads with injury incidence is now established. Prevention measures such as rule changes that affect the workload of an athlete are universal whereas those that address risk factors of an asymptomatic subgroup are more selective. Prevention measures, when implemented for asymptomatic individuals exhibiting possible injury risk factors, are indicated for an athlete at risk of developing a sports injury. Seven key indicated risks and associated prevention measures are proposed.

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Quantification of Seasonal-Long Physical Load in Soccer Players With Different Starting Status From the English Premier League: Implications for Maintaining Squad Physical Fitness

Cited by 118 publications

References 0 publications

Movement Demands of Elite Under-20s and Senior International Rugby Union Players

Movement Demands of Elite Under-20s and Senior International Rugby Union Players

The Influence of Changes in Acute Training Load on Daily Sensitivity of Morning-Measured Fatigue Variables in Elite Soccer Players

Sports-related workload and injury risk: simply knowing the risks will not prevent injuries: Narrative review

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