Quantification of Prenatal Effects on Productivity in Pigs

Nissen, P. M.; Oksbjerg, Niels

doi:10.1007/978-90-481-3135-8_2

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Several studies have almost consistently shown that pigs born small have a reduced performance (see Nissen and Oksbjerg, 2009b) compared with piglets born large although the numerical difference may vary depending on feeding strategies, breed, litter size, and growth periods. In our recent study , which is representative for the cited studies, we found that ADG was reduced by 30 g/d in low birth weight pigs in the lactation period and that this reduction in daily gain persisted from weaning to slaughter at 150 d of age by 87 g/d compared with heavy birth weight pigs.…”

Section: Performance Of Intrauterine Growth Restriction Pigletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aim of the present review is to discuss effects of in utero nutrition on survival and muscle traits infl uencing muscle development and growth as well as meat quality. Previous reviews have been given on the effect of prenatal events on postnatal events (Foxcroft et al, 2006;Rehfeldt and Kuhn, 2006;Nissen and Oksbjerg, 2009b;Rehfeldt et al, 2011a,b;Campos et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Meat Science And Muscle Biology Symposium: In utero nutrition related to fetal development, postnatal performance, and meat quality of pork1

Oksbjerg

Nissen

Therkildsen

et al. 2013

Journal of Animal Science

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Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) occurs naturally in pigs and leads to low birth weight of piglets due to undernutrition caused by placental insufficiency. For 2 main reasons, low birth weight causes economic loss. First, low birth weight pigs have a greater mortality and increasing the litter size causes more low birth weight piglets within litters. Second, surviving low birth weight piglets have reduced performance (i.e., ADG, feed conversion rate, and percentage meat). To develop dietary strategies for preventing IUGR, knowledge of the biological basis of IUGR is required. Muscle fiber number, formed during myogenesis, is correlated positively with performance traits and has been shown in several studies to be reduced in low birth weight pigs. Postnatal muscle hypertrophy is due to satellite cell number per fiber at birth and their rate of proliferation as well as protein deposition (i.e., protein synthesis and degradation). Previous studies and some recent ones indicate that low birth weight littermates in mice are born with fewer satellite cells and studies on pigs show that the rate of satellite cell proliferation may vary within litters. Proteomics studies show that protein synthesis and degradation is downregulated in IUGR pigs and low birth weight pigs also produce meat with less tenderness. Alternative maternal feeding strategies to prevent IUGR have been examined. Increasing maternal global nutrition had no beneficial effect on performance and muscle growth traits in several studies. Feeding excess maternal dietary protein also did not influence muscle growth traits whereas moderately decreased maternal dietary protein may decrease muscle fiber number and performance. On the other hand, addition of L-carnitine to the maternal gestation or lactation diet may increase birth and weaning weights or the muscle fiber number, respectively, in low birth weight pig offspring. Finally, promising data have been obtained on reproductive traits in pigs after addition of functional AA, such as arginine and glutamine, to the gestational diet. Although much is known about the biological basis of IUGR, we still need to learn much more about the mode of action before maternal dietary strategies can be developed to prevent IUGR.

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Section: Performance Of Intrauterine Growth Restriction Pigletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meat Science And Muscle Biology Symposium: In utero nutrition related to fetal development, postnatal performance, and meat quality of pork1

Oksbjerg

Nissen

Therkildsen

et al. 2013

Journal of Animal Science

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show abstract

“…Similarly, in agriculturally important mammals (ruminants, pigs) there is evidence that maternal undernutrition is the primary determinant of poor prenatal growth, with reductions in birthweight dependent on timing, duration and severity of the nutritional insult and age and/or parity of the dam (Luther et al 2005; Wu et al 2006). For these species low birthweight negatively impacts commercially important traits including neonatal survival and carcass fat content, with decreased financial returns for the producer (Greenwood et al 2010; Nissen & Oksbjerg 2010). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Undernutrition and stage of gestation influence fetal adipose tissue gene expression

Wallace¹,

Milne²,

Aitken³

et al. 2015

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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Low birthweight is a risk factor for neonatal mortality and adverse metabolic health, both associated with inadequate prenatal adipose tissue development. Here we investigated the impact of maternal undernutrition on expression of genes regulating fetal perirenal adipose tissue (PAT) development and function at gestation days 89 and 130 (term=145d). Singleton fetuses were taken from adolescent ewes fed control (C) intake to maintain adiposity throughout pregnancy or undernourished (UN) to maintain conception weight but deplete maternal reserves (n=7/group). Fetal weight was independent of maternal intake at day 89 but by day 130 fetuses from UN dams were 17% lighter with lower PAT mass containing fewer unilocular adipocytes. Relative PAT expression of IGF1, IGF2, IGF2R and peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARG) mRNA was lower in UN than in C, predominantly at day 89. Independent of maternal nutrition, PAT gene expression of PPARG, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, hormone sensitive lipase, leptin, uncoupling protein-1 and prolactin receptor increased and IGF1, IGF2, IGF1R, IGF2R decreased between 89 and 130 days. Fatty acid synthase and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNAs were not influenced by nutrition or stage of pregnancy. Females had greater LPL and leptin mRNA than males, and LPL, leptin and PPARG mRNAs were decreased by UN at day 89 in females only. PAT gene expression correlations with PAT mass were stronger at day 89 than day 130. These data suggest that key genes regulating adipose tissue development and function are active from mid-gestation when they are sensitive to maternal undernutrition. This leads to reduced fetal adiposity by late pregnancy.

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“…Fetal undernutrition frequently occurs worldwide including animal agriculture [15]. The intrauterine fetal growth restriction (IUGR) of sheep caused by maternal undernutrition can cause serious decline in the survival rate and growth performance of lambs [16]. In addition, the mortality of newborn lambs caused by hypothermia has accounted for 25% -35% of the total mortality rate of lambing period, and the number could reach more than 50% in some cases [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of maternal undernutrition during late pregnancy on the regulatory factors involved in growth and development in ovine fetal perirenal brown adipose tissue

Yang

et al. 2022

Anim Biosci

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Objective: The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of maternal undernutrition during late pregnancy on the expressions of genes involved in growth and development in ovine fetal perirenal brown adipose tissue (BAT).Methods: Eighteen ewes with singleton fetuses were allocated to three groups at day 90 of pregnancy: restricted group 1 (RG1, 0.33 MJ ME kg BW -0.75 •d -1 , n=6), restricted group 2 (RG2, 0.18 MJ ME kg BW -0.75 •d -1 , n=6), and a control group (CG, ad libitum, 0.67 MJ ME kg BW -0.75 •d -1 , n=6). The fetuses were removed at day 140 of pregnancy. All data were analyzed by using the analysis of variance procedure.Results: The perirenal fat weight (P =0.0077) and perirenal fat growth rate (P =0.0074) were reduced in RG2 compared to CG. In fetal perirenal BAT, the protein level of UCP1 (P =0.0001) was lower in RG1 and RG2 compared with CG and UCP1 mRNA expression (P =0.0265) was decreased in RG2. The protein level of Myf5 was also decreased in RG2 (P =0.0001). In addition, mRNA expressions of CyclinA (P =0.0109), CyclinB (P =0.0019), CyclinD (P =0.0015), CDK1(P =0.0001), E2F1(P =0.0323), E2F4 (P =0.0101) and E2F5 (P =0.0018) were lower in RG1 and RG2. There were decreased protein expression of PPARγ (P =0.0043) and mRNA expression of C/EBPα (P =0.0307) in RG2 and decreased PPARγ mRNA expression (P =0.0008) and C/EBPα protein expression (P =0.0015) in both RG2 and RG1. Furthermore, mRNA expression of BMP4 (P =0.0083) and BMP7 (P =0.0330) decreased in RG2 and PGC-1α reduced in RG2 and RG1. Conclusion:Our observations support that repression of regulatory factors promoting differentiation and development results in the inhibition of BAT maturation in fetal perirenal fat during late pregnancy with maternal undernutrition.

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Quantification of Prenatal Effects on Productivity in Pigs

Cited by 3 publications

References 64 publications

Meat Science And Muscle Biology Symposium: In utero nutrition related to fetal development, postnatal performance, and meat quality of pork1

Meat Science And Muscle Biology Symposium: In utero nutrition related to fetal development, postnatal performance, and meat quality of pork1

Undernutrition and stage of gestation influence fetal adipose tissue gene expression

Effects of maternal undernutrition during late pregnancy on the regulatory factors involved in growth and development in ovine fetal perirenal brown adipose tissue

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