Quantification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Leafy and Underground Vegetables: A Case Study Around Panipat City, Haryana, India

Influence of Air Pollution and Soil Contamination on the Contents of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Vegetables Grown in Urban Gardens of Sao Paulo, Brazil

“…The ranges of concentrations of the 16 PAHs identified by the US EPA as priority pollutants found in the soils of New York, USA; Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Germany; Guangzhou, China; Shanghai, China; Kathmandu, Nepal; Panipat, India; and Isfahan, Iran were 0.1-149.5 mg kg −1 (Marquez-Bravo et al, 2016); 0.03-7.0 µg kg −1 (Wennrich et al, 2002); 0.04-3.1 mg kg −1 (Chen et al, 2005); 0.08-7.22 mg kg −1 (Wang et al, 2013); 0.17-0.68 mg kg −1 (Aichner et al, 2007); 0.13-0.17 mg kg −1 (Tuteja et al, 2011);and 0.06-11.73 mg kg −1 (Moore et al, 2015), respectively. To our knowledge, only one study has analysed the concentrations of PAHs on soil within the urban area of Sao Paulo, in a remnant part of the Atlantic Forest, located in the neighborhood of a large industrial area (Bourotte et al, 2009).…”

“…PAH incorporation in plants occur mainly by foliar uptake, by dry or humid deposition, with predominance of dry deposition (Tremolada et al, 1996;Tuteja et al, 2011). Root uptake is not considered a good mechanism for PAH incorporation in plants, because of the hydrophobic properties of PAHs (Tuteja et al, 2011).…”

“…The contents of PAHs in foliage are primarily correlated with air ambient levels. The relationship with soil PAH concentrations is not as strong, due to the relatively small influence of root uptake mechanisms, which are related to the low degree of soil/plant partitioning that results from the lipophilic properties of PAH molecules (Tuteja et al, 2011). However, direct contact between certain leaf crops and contaminated soil may result in increases in PAH levels (Delschen et al, 1999).…”

A influência da poluição atmosférica no conteúdo elementar e de hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos no cultivo de vegetais folhosos nas hortas urbanas de São Paulo

“…A importância em analisar as concentrações dos HPAs deve-se a alguns compostos apresentarem propriedades tóxicas, mutagênicas e/ou cancerígenas (Abdel-Shafy e Mansour, 2016). As principais fontes de HPAs pirogênicos nos centros urbanos são derivadas da combustão incompleta geradas por veículos automotivos sob a forma de gases e partículas ultrafinas (Chrysikou et al, 2009;Marr et al, 2006 (Tuteja et al, 2011). No entanto, o contato direto de certas culturas de vegetais folhosos com solo contaminado pode resultar no aumento dos níveis de HPAs (Delschen et al, 1999).…”

“…A velocidade do vento apresentou diferenças significativas (p = 0,02) entre as HCU. Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Alemanha; Guangzhou, China; Xangai, China; Katmandu, Nepal; Panipat, Índia; E Isfahan, Irã foram respectivamente: 0,1-149,5 mg kg -1 (Marquez-Bravo et al, 2016); 0,03-7,0 μg kg -1 (Wennrich et al, 2002); 0,04-3,1 mg kg -1 (Chen et al, 2005); 0,08-7,22 mg kg -1 (Wang et al, 2013); 0,17-0,68 mg kg -1 (Aichner et al, 2007); 0,13-0,17 mg kg -1 (Tuteja et al, 2011); e 0,06-11,73 mg kg -1 (Moore et al, 2015). Ao nosso conhecimento, apenas um estudo analisou as concentrações de HPAs em solos de área urbana de São Paulo, em uma parte remanescente da Mata Atlântica, localizada adjacente à uma grande área industrial (Bourotte et al, 2009).…”