Quantification of perphenazine in Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra lutra) urine samples by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Ventura, Rosa; Casasampere, M; Bergés, Rosa; Fernández-Morán, Jesús; Segura, Jordi

doi:10.1016/s1570-0232(01)00635-3

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However they have a complex, time consuming and expensive instrumentation and some of them use a preconcentration method before the measurement. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]16,32 The proposed system is an easy, cheap and fast analytical tool for obtaining of preliminary chemical information about perphenazine, prior the use of more complex instrumental techniques .…”

Section: Response Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive determination of perphenazine in pharmaceuticals and human serum by flow injection chemiluminescence method using [Ru(phen)3]2+-ce(IV) system and a chemometrical optimization approach

Rezaei

Mokhtari

2011

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Este artigo descreve um método de quimioluminescência (CL) simples, rápido e sensível para a determinação de perfenazina usando sistema de injeção em fluxo (FI). Todas as variáveis que podem afetar a resposta do método CL foram otimizadas empregando planejamento composto central (CCD) para o planejamento experimental e metodologia de superfície de resposta (RSM) para a modelagem. A otimização usando CCD comparativamente ao método univariado mostrou uma melhora significativa na sensibilidade. Sob condições experimentais ótimas, uma ampla região linear foi obtida entre a concentração do analito e a altura do pico, dentro do intervalo de 1,2 a 1.300 ng mL -1 com coeficiente de correlação de 0,9978. O limite de detecção foi de 0,4 ng mL -1(S/N = 3) e o desvio padrão relativo para 6 repetições de uma solução contendo 70,5 ng mLfoi menor que 4%. Esse método foi aplicado com sucesso na quantificação de perfenazina em formulações farmacêuticas e em soro humano com adequadas recuperações (95,3-104,0%). A frequência analítica foi de 100 ± 5 amostras por hora.This paper describes a simple, rapid and sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) method for the determination of perphenazine by flow injection (FI) system. All variables that can affect the CL response were optimized by employing central composite design (CCD) for the experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) for the modeling. Optimization by means of CCD method with respect to conventional single factor at a time method showed a significant improvement in the sensitivity. Under the optimum experimental conditions, a wide linear relationship between analyte concentration and peak height was obtained within the range 1.2-1,300 ng mL -1 with correlation coefficient of 0.9978. The limit of detection was 0.4 ng mL -1 (S/N = 3) and the relative standard deviation for 6 repeated measurements of a solution containing 70.5 ng mL -1 was lower than 4%. This method was successfully applied for the quantification of perphenazine in pharmaceutical formulations and human serum with good recoveries (95.3-104.0%). Sample throughput was 100 ± 5 samples per hour. Keywords: flow injection, chemiluminescence, perphenazine, central composite design IntroductionPerphenazine belongs to the phenothiazine family of drugs. Because of its neuroleptic and antidepressive actions, it is often prescribed for the treatment of psychotic patients such as schizophrenia and schizoaffective psychoses in order to decrease restlessness, aggressiveness and impulsive behavior. Also it is found to be effectual in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. 1 The monitoring of the perphenazine is important for quality assurance in pharmaceutical industry and for obtaining optimum therapeutic concentrations in body fluids to minimize the risk of toxicity. The therapeutic range and toxic threshold of perphenazine in serum were reported 4-30 and 50-100 ng mL In experimentation, we attempt to monitor the effects of certain inputs or material on the subject matter of interest. The advantages of the experimenta...

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Section: Response Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive determination of perphenazine in pharmaceuticals and human serum by flow injection chemiluminescence method using [Ru(phen)3]2+-ce(IV) system and a chemometrical optimization approach

Rezaei

Mokhtari

2011

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…They are analyzed by various methods, such as gas chromatography (GC) [1,2], GC/mass spectrometry (MS) [3], high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [4,5], and HPLC/MS (-MS) [6][7][8][9]. In the existing analytical methods for the drugs, the sample pretreatments such as liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction, fi ltration, or centrifugation are usually required to remove proteins and other impurities contained in biological matrices [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. The analytical methods including time-consuming multistep sample pretreatments are unsuitable in the fi eld of emergency medicine, which demands rapid detection of poisonous materials in human specimens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An automated on-line method for simultaneous analysis of phenothiazines in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography/sonic spray ionization mass spectrometry using backflush column switching

et al. 2007

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An automated on-line method for simul taneous analysis of fi ve phenothiazine drugs by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/sonic spray ionization mass spectrometry (SSI-MS) has been established, using backfl ush column switching. A 400-µl portion of serum sample diluted 81-fold with distilled water was subjected to the on-line system. In the system, an Oasis HLB cartridge was used as the precolumn for extraction; large molecules such as proteins in serum were discarded by use of distilled water containing 0.1% formic acid as a mobile phase. After switching a valve, the analytes trapped in the precolumn were eluted in the backfl ush mode and separated by a Chromolith Performance RP18e column, which is composed of C 18 -bonded monolithic silica. The column effl uents were then introduced into the SSI-MS. The present method provided successful separation and determination of six phenothiazines including an internal standard. Satisfactory linearities, reproducibility, and sensitivity were obtained at concentration levels that matched the toxic levels of phenothiazines. All drug peaks appeared within 18 min, and the system could be reequilibrated in only about 8 min for the next run. Because of the simplicity and rapidness of the method, it is likely to be useful in the fi elds of emergency medicine and forensic toxicology.

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“…This technique can add general knowledge on pharmacokinetics of perphenazine enantate on animals, which has only been addressed in the article published on Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra lutra) by Ventura et al [12], to further relate this marked variation in plasma levels of the drug to behavioural changes.…”

Section: Pharmacokinetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

HPLC quantification of perphenazine in sheep plasma: Application to a pharmacokinetic study

Pedernera¹,

Hidalgo-Ruiz²,

Castells³

et al. 2007

Journal of Chromatography B

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Quantification of perphenazine in Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra lutra) urine samples by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Cited by 24 publications

References 17 publications

Sensitive determination of perphenazine in pharmaceuticals and human serum by flow injection chemiluminescence method using [Ru(phen)3]2+-ce(IV) system and a chemometrical optimization approach

Sensitive determination of perphenazine in pharmaceuticals and human serum by flow injection chemiluminescence method using [Ru(phen)3]2+-ce(IV) system and a chemometrical optimization approach

An automated on-line method for simultaneous analysis of phenothiazines in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography/sonic spray ionization mass spectrometry using backflush column switching

HPLC quantification of perphenazine in sheep plasma: Application to a pharmacokinetic study

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