Quantification of overload injuries to thoracolumbar vertebrae and discs in persons exposed to heavy physical exertions or vibration at the workplace Part II Occurrence and magnitude of overload injury in exposed cohorts

Brinckmann, Paul; Frobin, Wolfgang; Biggemann, M; Tillotson, Malcolm; Burton, Kim; Burke, Charles J.; Dickinson, C. E.; Krause, H.; Pangert, R; Pfeifer, Ute; H, Römer; Rysanek, M.; Weiss, Dar; Wilson, Trever; Zarach, V.; Zerlett, Georg

doi:10.1016/s0268-0033(98)00050-3

Cited by 44 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Adams et al 20) observed disc failure in few cases, but this was an effect of combined high loads and close to limit flexion angles, clearly exceeding the 10° used in this study. The results are inconsistent with the findings presented by Kumar 3) who announced disc failure rather than failure of the bony structures and also contradicts the findings of an in vivo cross sectional study of highly exposed cohorts 21) . In that study it was shown, that high load exposure influenced the disc height rather than the vertebral bodies.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Vertical vibrations and impacts, as occurring when working for example with heavy haul trucks, were shown to be potentially harmful 4) . Large cohorts showed that long term exposure to whole body vibrations due to badly damped seats lead to significantly decreased disc heights 5) . The associated risks are addressed by regulations and recommendations aiming to limiting the permitted exposure to vibration (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Cycle Fatigue Behaviour of Functional Spinal Units

et al. 2010

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Vibrations have been shown to be an important risk factor for spinal pathologies. The underlying mechanisms are poorly understood and in vivo data scarce and difficult to obtain. Consequently numerical models are used to estimate spinal loading; requiring fatigue strength information, which was obtained in this study for spinal specimens from young and old male donors of working age in vitro. Bone mineral density (BMD) and endplate area were determined using CT scans. Three groups were investigated: young specimens in neutral posture, young in flexed posture, and old in neutral posture. The loading consisted of 300,000 sinusoidal compression cycles of 2 kN, inducing a nucleus pressure peek of approximately 1.4 MPa. No failure of the young specimens in neutral posture was observed, but four specimens from older donors with low BMD failed. The product between endplate area and BMD was shown to be useful to predict fatigue strength for old donors and should therefore be considered with regard to whole body vibration injuries. In flexed posture, two specimens from young donors failed. One failure can be attributed to low BMD following the trend for the old specimens; the other failure could not be explained, leaving the influence of flexion yet unclear.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Cycle Fatigue Behaviour of Functional Spinal Units

et al. 2010

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“…The drawback of the aforementioned studies was that the data was based on cadaveric spines which do not reflect the actual in vivo situation. 7 While Brinckmann et al 8,9 provided extensive quantitative data on the influences of age and work load on disc height as well as on vertebral and discal shape using distortion-compensated roentgen analysis (DCRA), a simultaneous assessment of the extent of disc degeneration was not possible by radiography. An assessment by MRI overcomes this disadvantage and the measurements are not prone to radiographic distorsion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of aging and degeneration on disc volume and shape: A quantitative study in asymptomatic volunteers

Pfirrmann

Metzdorf

Elfering

et al. 2006

Journal Orthopaedic Research

127

105

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Debate continues on the effect of disc degeneration and aging on disc volume and shape. So far, no quantitative in vivo MRI data is available on the factors influencing disc volume and shape. The objective of this MRI study was to quantitatively investigate changes in disc height, volume, and shape as a result of aging and/or degeneration omitting pathologic (i.e., painful) disc alterations. Seventy asymptomatic volunteers (20-78 years) were investigated with sagittal T1-and T2-weighted MR-images encompassing the whole lumbar spine. Disc height was determined by the Dabbs method and the Farfan index. Disc volume was calculated by the Cavalieri method. For the disc shape the ''disc convexity index'' was calculated by the ratio of central disc height and mean anterior/posterior disc height. Disc height, disc volume, and the disc convexity index measurements were corrected for disc level and the individuals age, weight, height, and sex in a multilevel regression analysis. Multilevel regression analysis showed that disc volume was negatively influenced by disc degeneration ( p < 0.001) and positively correlated with body height ( p < 0.001) and age ( p < 0.01). Mean disc height and the disc convexity index were negatively influenced by disc degeneration but not by gender, weight, and height. Disc height was positively correlated with age ( p < 0.01). From the results of this study, it can be concluded that disc degeneration generally results in a decrease of disc height and volume as well as a less convex disc shape. In the absence of disc degeneration, however, age tends to result in an inverse relationship on disc height, volume, and shape. ß

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“…Brinckmann et al 37) examined radiographic views of two cohorts exposed to WBV with respect to vertebral height, sagittal plane displacement and disc height. Their conclusion sounds: "Whole-body vibration has no measurable detrimental effect on vertebral height, sagittal plane displacement or disc height if the machine operators' seats are damped and peak acceleration thus stays below certain limits.…”

Section: Relationship Associated With Epidemiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For these workers, Köhne et al 40) reported a higher frequency of the lumbar syndrome together with earlier and more frequent degenerative changes in radiographs. Although Brinckmann et al 37) use a tempting approach to quantify deleterious effects of WBV, the farreaching conclusions may be misleading. Another study compared very small groups of 18 drivers and co-drivers with 14 men in the control group, the latter on average 12 yr older 41) .…”

Section: Relationship Associated With Epidemiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Relationship between Whole-body Vibration Exposure and Spinal Health Risk

Seidel

2005

Ind Health

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A conceptual framework provides the possibility to identify factors determining the effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) on the spine and the internal stress-strain relationships. Epidemiological studies were critically evaluated with respect to their significance for the derivation of quantitative exposure-effect relationships. The approach of deriving such relationships from a comparison with self-generated accelerations during daily activities was considered as unsuited. Trunk muscle activity and control with apparently identical accelerations of body parts during selfgenerated and forced motions differ widely. Simple biodynamic models coupled with experimental in vivo and in vitro data permitted a preliminary deduction of quantitative relationships between WBV and spinal health with the consideration of individual factors and exposure conditions. Examples of anatomy-based verified finite element models and their application are provided. Such models are considered as a very promising instrument. They can be used to assess quantitatively preventive measures and design. Future research needs concern the examination of (1) the nonlinearity of biodynamics, (2) the effects of WBV in x-and y-axes, (3) the strength of the spine for shear, (4) the contact parameters between the seat and man, (5) the significance of postures and muscle activity, and (6) material properties of spinal structures.

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Quantification of overload injuries to thoracolumbar vertebrae and discs in persons exposed to heavy physical exertions or vibration at the workplace Part II Occurrence and magnitude of overload injury in exposed cohorts

Cited by 44 publications

References 10 publications

High Cycle Fatigue Behaviour of Functional Spinal Units

High Cycle Fatigue Behaviour of Functional Spinal Units

Effect of aging and degeneration on disc volume and shape: A quantitative study in asymptomatic volunteers

On the Relationship between Whole-body Vibration Exposure and Spinal Health Risk

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