Quantification of myonecrosis and comparison of necrotic activity of snake venoms by determination of creatine phosphokinase activity in mice sera

Nakada, Kikuko; Nakada, Fukuichi; Ito, Etsuo; Inoue, Fumiyuki

doi:10.1016/0041-0101(84)90183-1

Cited by 27 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…CK activity has been used in people as an indicator of the amount of venom injected and the delay from envenomation to presentation in individuals bitten by nonelapid myolysis-inducing snake species; it has also been used as a marker of the severity of lesions induced by other snake species. 47,48 The use of CK in domestic animals for these purposes is limited as the exact time of envenomation is usually unknown. Rhabdomyolysis might be responsible for hyperkalemia, hypercalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia reported in dogs envenomed by vipers.…”

Section: Biochemical Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinicopathologic abnormalities associated with snake envenomation in domestic animals

Goddard¹,

Schoeman²,

Leisewitz³

et al. 2011

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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Envenomation of domestic animals by snakes occurs frequently in certain geographic areas.However, reports describing clinical signs, clinicopathologic abnormalities, therapeutic approaches, and outcomes are sparse. This review summarizes various snake families, venom types associated with harmful snakes, and the significant hematologic, hemostatic, and biochemical abnormalities associated with envenomation. Hematologic abnormalities include RBC membrane abnormalities, hemolysis, hemoconcentration, leukogram changes, and platelet abnormalities, specifically thrombocytopenia.Coagulopathies associated with snake envenomation are well described in human medicine, and many studies have demonstrated properties of venoms that lead to both procoagulation and anticoagulation.As expected, similar abnormalities have been described in domestic animals. Biochemical abnormalities are associated with the effects of venom on tissues such as liver, skeletal and cardiac 2 muscle, vascular endothelium, and kidney as well as effects on protein components and cholesterol.This comprehensive review of clinicopathologic abnormalities associated with envenomation and their relationship to characterized venom constituents should be useful both in the diagnosis and management of envenomation and serve as a foundation for future research in this field.

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Section: Biochemical Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinicopathologic abnormalities associated with snake envenomation in domestic animals

Goddard¹,

Schoeman²,

Leisewitz³

et al. 2011

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…CK has been used as a relative indicator of the amount of venom injected and the time since envenomation by non‐elapid snake species inducing myolysis 81 . It has also been shown to correlate to some degree with the severity of pathological and local physiological observations after venom administration in these species 82 . However, repetition of these studies with elapid snake venom, and particularly in Tiger Snake envenomation, has produced some equivocal results 83 …”

Section: Diagnosis Of Snake Envenomationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elapid snake envenomation in dogs in New South Wales: a review

et al. 2007

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Elapid snake envenomation in dogs is a commonly occurring yet poorly described clinical entity. Twelve species of dangerously venomous elapid snakes are found in New South Wales that are capable of causing disease in dogs. Geographical distribution of these species varies, as does their venom composition and systemic envenomation syndromes produced in target species. Elapid venom may be divided into the components of prothrombin activating enzymes, lipases and peptidic neurotoxins. Each species of elapid snake may possess venom components that fit any or all of these classifications. The action of these venom components may result in neurotoxic (pre‐synaptic and post‐synaptic), haemotoxic (red‐cell destruction and coagulation disturbance), cardiovascular, myotoxic and secondary nephrotoxic effects. Marked variability may occur in venom composition between and within snake species, resulting in varying toxicity between species and also potentially unreliable clinical syndromes following envenomation. The existence of certain components consistently within the venom of each snake species allows the broad definition of basic pathological processes and clinicopathological changes resulting from snake species‐specific envenomation and these are discussed. Diagnosis of snake envenomation is unreliable if based on clinical signs alone and the use of these signs in conjunction with history, physical examination and laboratory investigation, including snake venom detection kits, is recommended. Treatment of systemic envenomation should be undertaken with initial effective first aid and subsequent administration of snake species‐specific antivenom.

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“…DBA mice showed the lowest transgene expression whereas the luciferase activity was 60 times higher in C57BL/6 mice. The creatine phosphokinases (CPK) level in the plasma is correlated to the degree of muscle fiber damage [17,18]. Thus, the plasma CPK was measured at the time of sacrifice, in order to verify that the low luciferase values were not caused by massive rhabdomyolysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacogenetic heterogeneity of transgene expression in muscle and tumours

2003

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Background: Recombinant adenoviruses are employed to deliver a therapeutic transgene in the liver, muscle or tumour tissue. However, to rationalise this delivery approach, the factors of variation between individuals need to be identified. It is assumed that differences between inbred strains of laboratory animals are considered to reflect differences between patients. Previously we showed that transgene expression in the liver of different rat strains was dependent on the transcription efficiency of the transgene. In the present paper we investigated if transfection of muscle and tumour tissue were also subject to such variations.

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Quantification of myonecrosis and comparison of necrotic activity of snake venoms by determination of creatine phosphokinase activity in mice sera

Cited by 27 publications

References 15 publications

Clinicopathologic abnormalities associated with snake envenomation in domestic animals

Clinicopathologic abnormalities associated with snake envenomation in domestic animals

Elapid snake envenomation in dogs in New South Wales: a review

Pharmacogenetic heterogeneity of transgene expression in muscle and tumours

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