Quantification of LSD and N-demethyl-LSD in urine by gas chromatography/resonance electron capture ionization mass spectrometry

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy's Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.

show abstract

“…Ionization of a gas-phase atom or molecule by attachment of a free electron to form molecular ions of the M -• type. From [130].…”

Section: Electron Capture Ionization (Eci) Electron Capture Negative mentioning

confidence: 99%

Definitions of terms relating to mass spectrometry (IUPAC Recommendations 2013)

Murray

Boyd

Eberlin

et al. 2013

Pure and Applied Chemistry

342

224

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, because LSD is known to act at multiple receptors (5-HT 1A/2A , D2, and alpha1) with a half-life of B3.6 h (Lim et al, 1988) and an effect time ranging from 8 to 12 h, it was deemed preferable to use psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, PY), a compound with relatively comparable hallucinogenic properties but greater receptor specificity and a shorter duration of action (half-lifeB2.6 h), with symptoms generally dissipating within 4 to 5 h (Hasler et al, 1997;Hasler et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulating the Rate and Rhythmicity of Perceptual Rivalry Alternations with the Mixed 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A Agonist Psilocybin

Carter

Pettigrew

Hasler

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Binocular rivalry occurs when different images are presented simultaneously to corresponding points within the left and right eyes. Under these conditions, the observer's perception will alternate between the two perceptual alternatives. Motivated by the reported link between the rate of perceptual alternations, symptoms of psychosis and an incidental observation that the rhythmicity of perceptual alternations during binocular rivalry was greatly increased 10 h after the consumption of LSD, this study aimed to investigate the pharmacology underlying binocular rivalry and to explore the connection between the timing of perceptual switching and psychosis. Psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, PY) was chosen for the study because, like LSD, it is known to act as an agonist at serotonin (5-HT) 1A and 5-HT 2A receptors and to produce an altered state sometimes marked by psychosis-like symptoms. A total of 12 healthy human volunteers were tested under placebo, low-dose (115 mg/kg) and high-dose (250 mg/kg) PY conditions. In line with predictions, under both low-and high-dose conditions, the results show that at 90 min postadministration (the peak of drug action), rate and rhythmicity of perceptual alternations were significantly reduced from placebo levels. Following the 90 min testing period, the perceptual switch rate successively increased, with some individuals showing increases well beyond pretest levels at the final testing, 360 min postadministration. However, as some subjects had still not returned to pretest levels by this time, the mean phase duration at 360 min was not found to differ significantly from placebo. Reflecting the drug-induced changes in rivalry phase durations, subjects showed clear changes in psychological state as indexed by the 5D-ASC (altered states of consciousness) rating scales. This study suggests the involvement of serotonergic pathways in binocular rivalry and supports the previously proposed role of a brainstem oscillator in perceptual rivalry alternations and symptoms of psychosis.

show abstract

“…Among them, N-desmethyl LSD, had never heen reported in man before, although its presence is inferred from animal experiments and from discrepancies between RIA and HPLC assays. Lim et al (35) show that Ndesmethyl LSD is present in every sample where LSD is found, although the relative amounts of the two compounds were variable. Lim et al, therefore, propose that N-desmethyl LSD be used as a confirmatory substance in the forensic identification of LSD in contrast to the usual criteria for identifying drugs for forensic purposes, namely, a full mass spectrum or, at least, the appearance of three or more selected ions relating to the compound at the appropriate retention time and in the appropriate ratios.…”

Section: Lsd Detection In Urinementioning

confidence: 99%

Mass Spectrometry in Pharmacology

Abramson

1990

Methods of Biochemical Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Quantification of LSD and N-demethyl-LSD in urine by gas chromatography/resonance electron capture ionization mass spectrometry

Cited by 68 publications

References 11 publications

Definitions of terms relating to mass spectrometry (IUPAC Recommendations 2013)

Definitions of terms relating to mass spectrometry (IUPAC Recommendations 2013)

Modulating the Rate and Rhythmicity of Perceptual Rivalry Alternations with the Mixed 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A Agonist Psilocybin

Mass Spectrometry in Pharmacology

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About