Quantification of length‐bias in screening trials with covariate‐dependent test sensitivity

Heltshe, Sonya L.; Kafadar, Karen; Prorok, Philip C.

doi:10.1002/bimj.201400152

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…1b). The possibility of time-dependent selection biases, such as survivor treatment selection bias 22 and length-bias sampling, 23 must be considered in patients who started treatment for ascites with conventional diuretics (spironolactone and/or furosemide) before 1 September 2013, and in whom tolvaptan was added after 1 September 2013 (Fig. 1b, Type 1), as well as in those who started treatment with conventional diuretics before 1 September 2013, and who did not receive tolvaptan therapy (Fig.…”

Section: Study Protocols For Assessing Prognostic Improvement With Tolvaptanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of tolvaptan on the prognosis of patients with hepatic ascites

Hiramine

Uto

Mawatari

et al. 2019

Hepatology Research

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Aim Despite accumulating evidence concerning the efficacy of tolvaptan in the treatment of body fluid retention or hyponatremia, the effect of tolvaptan on the prognosis of patients with hepatic ascites has not been fully investigated. Methods A total of 628 patients with hepatic ascites who were treated with diuretics (furosemide, spironolactone, or tolvaptan) between 2007 and 2017 were enrolled and divided into two groups: those who received tolvaptan (original tolvaptan group, n = 278) and those who did not (original control group, n = 350). The cumulative survival rates between the groups were compared and the factors associated with survival in patients with hepatic ascites were identified using a Cox regression analysis. In addition, propensity score matching was applied in patients who started conventional diuretics for new‐onset hepatic ascites after September 2013 (pre‐matching tolvaptan group, n = 177; pre‐matching control group, n = 63), and the cumulative survival rates were compared between the post‐matching tolvaptan and control groups. Results The survival rate was significantly higher in the tolvaptan group than the control group (P = 0.005), and tolvaptan therapy was identified as an independent factor associated with survival (hazard ratio 0.721 for death relative to control, P < 0.001). The propensity score‐matched comparison also showed a significantly higher survival rate in the tolvaptan group (n = 51) than in the control group (n = 51) (P = 0.009). Conclusions This study suggests that tolvaptan might improve the prognosis of patients with hepatic ascites.

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Section: Study Protocols For Assessing Prognostic Improvement With Tolvaptanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of tolvaptan on the prognosis of patients with hepatic ascites

Hiramine

Uto

Mawatari

et al. 2019

Hepatology Research

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“…An analysis of current incidence data from the SEER may shed light on these proportions, but, because sojourn time distributions cannot be observed in practice, only research on animal models would provide quantitative information regarding the dependence of sojourn time distribution on age. Alternatively, we can investigate the effect of this dependence by simulating different levels of dependence between the mean sojourn time and age (as was done, e.g., in Heltshe, Kafadar, andProrok 2015, Kafadar, Prorok, andSmith 1998). We leave our investigation of these approaches to future work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inference of Long-Term Screening Outcomes for Individuals with Screening Histories

Kafadar

Shesh

2018

Statistics and Public Policy

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We develop a probability model for evaluating long-term outcomes due to regular screening that incorporates the effects of prior screening examinations. Previous models assume that individuals have no prior screening examinations at their current ages. Due to current widespread medical emphasis on screening, the consideration of screening histories is essential, particularly in assessing the benefit of future screening examinations given a certain number of previous negative screens. Screening participants are categorized into four mutually exclusive groups: symptom-free-life, no-early-detection, true-early-detection, and overdiagnosis. For each case, we develop models that incorporate a person's current age, screening history, expected future screening frequency, screening test sensitivity, and other factors, and derive the probabilities of occurrence for the four groups. The probability of overdiagnosis among screen-detected cases is derived and estimated. The model applies to screening for any disease or condition; for concreteness, we focus on female breast cancer and use data from the study conducted by the Health Insurance Plan of Greater New York (HIP) to estimate these probabilities and corresponding credible intervals. The model can provide policy makers with important information regarding ranges of expected lives saved and percentages of true-early-detection and overdiagnosis among the screen-detected cases.

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Quantification of length‐bias in screening trials with covariate‐dependent test sensitivity

Cited by 2 publications

References 40 publications

Effect of tolvaptan on the prognosis of patients with hepatic ascites

Effect of tolvaptan on the prognosis of patients with hepatic ascites

Inference of Long-Term Screening Outcomes for Individuals with Screening Histories

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