cardiac events than measurements with 2DE. Methods Study Design Participants We retrospectively analyzed the data from 704 randomly selected patients who had undergone both clinically indicated 2DE and 3DSTA examinations for heart disease between March 19, 2010 and December 14, 2015. Clinical records were also retrospectively reviewed in 2016 to determine the presence of MACE (cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction [MI], stroke, and admission for heart failure [HF]). Patients were excluded from analysis if they met the following criteria: (1) atrial fibrillation or a history of pulmonary vein isolation (n=108); (2) frequent premature ventricular (PVCs) or atrial contractions (PACs) (n=7); (3) moderate to severe mitral or aortic regurgitation (n=16); and (4) mitral stenosis and mitral valve replacement (n=13). Furthermore, 41 patients were excluded