Quantification of<i>Plasmodium malariae</i>infection in mosquito vectors

Collins, K; Hochberg, Lisa P.; Ryan, P. R.; Collins, William E.; Wirtz, Robert A.; Ryan, Jeffrey R.

doi:10.1179/000349804225003479

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A possible explanation would be that the number of sporozoites present in the salivary glands of the mosquito is too low to be detected by the ELISA-CSP test. In addition, several studies have also mentioned the difficulty of ELISA in detecting the antigens of other Plasmodium species such as P. malariae and P. ovale , but also the problem of antigenic variation of the CSP antigen between geographical areas [ 42 , 43 ]. Finally, an extension of this study in all geographical areas of the country and other West African regions could help generate valuable epidemiological data on the two variants of P. vivax and allow for a more elaborated malaria pre-elimination policy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Transmission of Plasmodium vivax 210 and Plasmodium vivax 247 by Anopheles gambiae and An. coluzzii, Major Malaria Vectors in Benin/West Africa

Ossè

Tokponnon

Padonou

et al. 2023

Insects

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Current diagnostic and surveillance systems in Benin are not designed to accurately identify or report non-Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) human malaria infections. This study aims to assess and compare the prevalence of circumsporozoite protein (CSP) antibodies of Pf and P. vivax (Pv) in Anopheles gambiae s.l. in Benin. For that, mosquito collections were performed through human landing catches (HLC) and pyrethrum spray catches (PSC). The collected mosquitoes were morphologically identified, and Pf, Pv 210, and Pv 247 CSP antibodies were sought in An. gambiae s.l through the ELISA and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Of the 32,773 collected mosquitoes, 20.9% were An. gambiae s.l, 3.9% An. funestus gr., and 0.6% An. nili gr. In An. gambiae s.l., the sporozoite rate was 2.6% (95% CI: 2.1-3.1) for Pf, against 0.30% (95% CI: 0.1-0.5) and 0.2% (95% CI: 0.1-0.4), respectively, for Pv 210 and Pv 247. P. falciparum sporozoite positive mosquitoes were mostly An. gambiae (64.35%), followed by An. coluzzii (34.78%) and An. arabiensis (0.86%). At the opposite, for the Pv 210 sporozoite-positive mosquitoes, An. coluzzii and An. gambiae accounted for 76.92% and 23.08%, respectively. Overall, the present study shows that P. falciparum is not the only Plasmodium species involved in malaria cases in Benin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Transmission of Plasmodium vivax 210 and Plasmodium vivax 247 by Anopheles gambiae and An. coluzzii, Major Malaria Vectors in Benin/West Africa

Ossè

Tokponnon

Padonou

et al. 2023

Insects

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“…Thick blood smears also underestimate the prevalence of P. malariae in humans (Scopel et al 2004). These findings suggest that accurate diagnosis of P. malariae should be a higher priority because this parasite results in low, but significant levels of morbidity in humans (Collins et al 2004), there has been a recent resurgence in human cases in Pará (Póvoa et al 2003) as well as in Suriname (PAHO 2002) and misdiagnosis may mean that the wrong antimalarial treatment is given (Scopel et al 2004). Because our collections identified An.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of Anopheles albitarsis E and An. darlingi in human malaria transmission in Boa Vista, state of Roraima, Brazil

Póvoa

Souza

Lacerda

et al. 2006

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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In several districts of Boa Vista, state of Roraima, Brazil we found Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) albitarsis E to be the primary vector of human malaria parasites, and during 2001-2002 it was significantly more abundant than An. darlingi (p < 0.001). Other species sampled were An. (Nys.) braziliensis, An. (Ano.) peryassui, An. (Nys.) nuneztovari, An. (Nys.) oswaldoi s.l., and An. (Nys.) triannulatus. As determined by the ELISA technique An. darlingi had a higher overall infection rate (2.1%) compared with An. albitarsis E (1.2%). However, a marginally higher proportion of An. albitarsis E was infected with Plasmodium vivax compared with An. darlingi, and the An. albitarsis E biting index was also much higher. These results suggest the importance of An. albitarsis E in malaria transmission in a savannah ecoregion of northern Amazonian Brazil, and reconfirm the importance of An. darlingi even if at lower abundance

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“…Unfortunately, recent analysis of the available CSP ELISA showed the test to have insufficient sensitivity to detect infections with low numbers of P. malariae sporozoites [65]. Beier et al indicate that low sensitivity of the ELISA method is unlikely to be restricted to P. malariae but also apply to other malaria species, including P. falciparum [66].…”

Section: Improved Diagnosis Of P Malariae and P Ovale Infections Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale – the ‘bashful’ malaria parasites

Müeller

Zimmerman

Reeder

2007

Trends in Parasitology

264

245

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Although Plasmodium malariae was first described as an infectious disease of humans by Golgi in 1886 and Plasmodium ovale identified by Stevens in 1922, there are still large gaps in our knowledge of the importance of these infections as causes of malaria in different parts of the world. They have traditionally been thought of as mild illnesses that are caused by rare and, in case of P. ovale, short-lived parasites. However, recent advances in sensitive PCR diagnosis are causing a re-evaluation of this assumption. Low-level infection seems to be common across malaria-endemic areas, often as complex mixed infections. The potential interactions of P. malariae and P. ovale with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax might explain some basic questions of malaria epidemiology, and understanding these interactions could have an important influence on the deployment of interventions such as malaria vaccines. Geographical distributionAlthough distribution of Plasmodium malariae infection is reported as being patchy, it has been observed in all major malaria-endemic regions of the world [1]. P. malariae infections are most common in sub-Saharan Africa and the southwest Pacific, where age-specific prevalence in mass blood surveys have exceeded 15-30% [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. By contrast, when P. malariae has been detected in malaria-endemic regions of Asia [9][10][11][12], the Middle East [13], South America [14] and Central America [15], it is observed as an infrequent infection, with blood-smear light microscopy (LM) prevalence rarely exceeding 1-2%. Much higher levels of infection were, however, found in montagnard refugees from the Cambodian-Vietnamese border [16]. In South America, P. malariae is thought to be a zoonotic infection because the genetically identical Plasmodium brasilianum infects new-world monkeys [17] and both monkeys and humans in endemic areas show high levels of seropositivity to P. malariae and P. brasilianum antigens [18].Plasmodium ovale was thought to have a much more limited distribution, with endemic transmission traditionally described as being limited to areas of tropical Africa, New Guinea, the eastern parts of Indonesia and the Philippines [19,20]. Infections with P. ovale, however, have also been reported in the Middle East [13], the Indian subcontinent [21] and different parts of Southeast Asia [11,22,23]. In West Africa (and to a lesser extent Central Africa), age specific LM prevalence of >10% have been observed [3,6] places where P. ovale is observed, it is relatively uncommon and its prevalence (as detected by LM) rarely exceeds 3-5% [22,[24][25][26].Indepth descriptions of the epidemiology of both infections based upon LM data are, thus, restricted almost exclusively to highly endemic areas in Africa and the Southwest Pacific. Detailed epidemiological studies from South America and Asia are lacking. Variation in parasite prevalenceIn West Africa, P. malariae prevalence has been reported to peak at ages similar to those of P. falciparum (i.e. in children under ten years of...

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Quantification ofPlasmodium malariaeinfection in mosquito vectors

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Evidence of Transmission of Plasmodium vivax 210 and Plasmodium vivax 247 by Anopheles gambiae and An. coluzzii, Major Malaria Vectors in Benin/West Africa

Evidence of Transmission of Plasmodium vivax 210 and Plasmodium vivax 247 by Anopheles gambiae and An. coluzzii, Major Malaria Vectors in Benin/West Africa

The importance of Anopheles albitarsis E and An. darlingi in human malaria transmission in Boa Vista, state of Roraima, Brazil

Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale – the ‘bashful’ malaria parasites

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